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Bifurcation analysis in a delayed toxic-phytoplankton and zooplankton ecosystem with Monod-Haldane functional response
Synthetic nonlinear second-order oscillators on Riemannian manifolds and their numerical simulation
1. | Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona (Italy) |
2. | Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica e dell'Automazione, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona (Italy) |
The present paper outlines a general second-order dynamical system on manifolds and Lie groups that leads to defining a number of abstract non-linear oscillators. In particular, a number of classical non-linear oscillators, such as the simple pendulum model, the van der Pol circuital model and the Duffing oscillator class are recalled from the dedicated literature and are extended to evolve on manifold-type state spaces. Also, this document outlines numerical techniques to implement these systems on a computing platform, derived from classical numerical schemes such as the Euler method and the Runke-Kutta class of methods, and illustrates their numerical behavior by a great deal of numerical examples and simulations.
References:
[1] |
S. Aoi and K. Tsuchiya, Locomotion control of a biped robot using nonlinear oscillators, Autonomous Robots, 19 (2005), 219-232. Google Scholar |
[2] |
L. Bahar and H. Kwatny,
Generalized Lagrangian and conservation law for the damped harmonic oscillator, American Journal of Physics, 49 (1981), 1062-1065.
doi: 10.1119/1.12644. |
[3] |
R. Burston, "Earth-like" planetary magnetotails as non-linear oscillators, Annales Geophysicae Discussions, 2020 (2020), 1-32. Google Scholar |
[4] |
A. Cammarano, A. Gonzalez-Buelga, S. Neild, D. Wagg, S. Burrow and D. Inman, Optimum load for energy harvesting with non-linear oscillators, in Special Topics in Structural Dynamics - Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, 2013, 6 (2013), 555–560. Google Scholar |
[5] |
J. Cariñena, J. de Lucas and M. Rañada, Jacobi multipliers, non-local symmetries, and nonlinear oscillators, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 56 (2015), 18pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4922509. |
[6] |
C. Chen, D. Zanette, D. Czaplewski, S. Shaw and D. López, Direct observation of coherent energy transfer in nonlinear micromechanical oscillators, Nature Communication, 8 (2017), 15523.
doi: 10.1038/ncomms15523. |
[7] |
I. Cornfeld, S. Fomin and Y. Sinai, Smooth Dynamical Systems on Smooth Manifolds, , in Ergodic Theory. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften (A Series of Comprehensive Studies in Mathematics), vol. 245, Springer, New York, NY, 1982. Google Scholar |
[8] |
M. Eie and S.-T. Minking, A Course on Abstract Algebra, World Scientific, 2010.
doi: 10.1142/7275. |
[9] |
K. Engøand and A. Marthinsen, Modeling and solution of some mechanical problems on Lie groups, Multibody System Dynamics, 2 (1998), 71-88. Google Scholar |
[10] |
S. Fiori,
Nonlinear damped oscillators on Riemannian manifolds: Fundamentals, Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 29 (2016), 22-40.
doi: 10.1007/s11424-015-4063-7. |
[11] |
S. Fiori,
Nonlinear damped oscillators on Riemannian manifolds: Numerical simulation, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 47 (2017), 207-222.
doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.11.025. |
[12] |
S. Fiori,
Non-delayed synchronization of non-autonomous dynamical systems on Riemannian manifolds and its applications, Nonlinear Dynamics, 94 (2018), 3077-3100.
doi: 10.1007/s11071-018-4546-x. |
[13] |
M. Fornasier, H. Huang, L. Pareschi and P. Sünnen,
Consensus-based optimization on hypersurfaces: Well-posedness and mean-field limit, Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 30 (2020), 2725-2751.
doi: 10.1142/S0218202520500530. |
[14] |
S. Gajbhiye and R. Banavar,
The Euler-Poincaré equations for a spherical robot actuated by a pendulum, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 45 (2012), 72-77.
doi: 10.3182/20120829-3-IT-4022.00011. |
[15] |
H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1980. |
[16] |
H. Goto, K. Tatsumura and A. Dixon, Combinatorial optimization by simulating adiabatic bifurcations in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems, Science Advances, 5 (2019), eaav2372.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2372. |
[17] |
F. Hajdu, Numerical examination of nonlinear oscillators, Pollack Periodica, 13 (2018), 95-106. Google Scholar |
[18] |
J.-H. He, The simpler, the better: Analytical methods for nonlinear oscillators and fractional oscillators, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, 38 (2019), 1252-1260. Google Scholar |
[19] |
M. Holmes,
Conservative numerical methods for nonlinear oscillators, American Journal of Physics, 88 (2020), 60-69.
doi: 10.1119/10.0000295. |
[20] |
A. Iserles, Numerical methods on (and off) manifolds, in Foundations of Computational Mathematics (ed. S. M. E. Cucker F.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1997,180–189. |
[21] |
N. Khan, K. Nasir Uddin and K. Nadeem Alam,
Accurate numerical solutions of conservative nonlinear oscillators, Nonlinear Engineering, 3 (2014), 197-201.
doi: 10.1515/nleng-2014-0009. |
[22] |
I. Kovacic, Conservation laws of two coupled non-linear oscillators, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 41 (2006), 751–760, https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43513/.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2006.04.007. |
[23] |
I. Kovacic, Four types of strongly nonlinear oscillators: Generalization of a perturbation procedure, Procedia IUTAM, 19 (2016), 101–109, IUTAM Symposium Analytical Methods in Nonlinear Dynamics. Google Scholar |
[24] |
I. Kovacic and M. Brennan, Background: On Georg Duffing and the Duffing equation, in The Duffing Equation: Nonlinear Oscillators and their Behaviour (eds. I. Kovacic and M. Brennan), John Wiley & Sons, 2011, 1–23.
doi: 10.1002/9780470977859.ch1. |
[25] |
I. Kovacic and M. Brennan, The Duffing Equation: Nonlinear Oscillators and their Behaviour, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2011.
doi: 10.1002/9780470977859. |
[26] |
Y. Kuramoto, Self-entrainment of a population of coupled non-linear oscillators, in Araki H. (eds) International Symposium on Mathematical Problems in Theoretical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 39, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1975,420–422. |
[27] |
M. Lakshmanan and K. Murali, Harnessing chaos: Synchronization and secure signal transmission, Current Science, 67 (1994), 989-995. Google Scholar |
[28] |
K. Lee and K. Carlberg, Model reduction of dynamical systems on nonlinear manifolds using deep convolutional autoencoders, Journal of Computational Physics, 404 (2020), 108973, 32pp.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.108973. |
[29] |
T.-C. Lim,
Two-body relationship between the Pearson-Takai-Halicioglu-Tiller and the Biswas-Hamann potential functions, Brazilian Journal of Physics, 35 (2005), 641-644.
doi: 10.1590/S0103-97332005000400010. |
[30] |
A. Lotka,
Analytical note on certain rhythmic relations in organic systems, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 6 (1920), 410-415.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.6.7.410. |
[31] |
J. Lu and Y. Liang, Analytical approach to the nonlinear free vibration of a conservative oscillator, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. Google Scholar |
[32] |
R. Mickens,
Construction of finite difference schemes for coupled nonlinear oscillators derived from a discrete energy function, Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 2 (1996), 185-193.
doi: 10.1080/10236199608808053. |
[33] |
M. Molaei,
Hyperbolic dynamics of discrete dynamical systems on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, Electronic Research Announcements, 25 (2018), 8-15.
doi: 10.3934/era.2018.25.002. |
[34] |
F. Molero, M. Lara, S. Ferrer and F. Céspedes,
2-D Duffing oscillator: Elliptic functions from a dynamical systems point of view, Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, 12 (2013), 115-139.
doi: 10.1007/s12346-012-0081-1. |
[35] |
D. Moore and E. Spiegel,
A thermally excited non-linear oscillator, Astrophysical Journal, 143 (1966), 871-887.
doi: 10.1086/148562. |
[36] |
O. Mustafa, $n$-dimensional PDM non-linear oscillators: Linearizability and Euler-Lagrange or Newtonian invariance, Physica Scripta, 95. Google Scholar |
[37] |
I. N'Doye and T. Kirati, Stability and trajectories analysis of a fractional generalization of simple pendulum dynamic equation, in 18th European Control Conference (ECC), 2019, 3854–3860. Google Scholar |
[38] |
V. Nekorkin, Introduction to Nonlinear Oscillations, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.
doi: 10.1002/9783527695942. |
[39] |
M. Nielsen and I. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
![]() |
[40] |
A. Ouannas, A. Karouma, G. Grassi, V.-T. Pham and V. Luong, A novel secure communications scheme based on chaotic modulation, recursive encryption and chaotic masking, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60 (2021), 1873-1884. Google Scholar |
[41] |
A. Prykarpatsky and I. Mykytiuk, Algebraic Integrability of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems on Manifolds: Classical and Quantum Aspects, Mathematics and its Applications, 443. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1998.
doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-4994-5. |
[42] |
R. Reid,
Local phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials, Annals of Physics, 50 (1968), 411-448.
doi: 10.1016/0003-4916(68)90126-7. |
[43] |
N. Sherif and E. Morsy,
Computing real logarithm of a real matrix, International Journal of Algebra, 2 (2008), 131-142.
|
[44] |
H. Sussmann, Dynamical systems on manifolds: Accessibility and controllability, in 1971 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1971,188–191. Google Scholar |
[45] |
A. Tero, R. Kobayashi and T. Nakagaki, A coupled-oscillator model with a conservation law for the rhythmic amoeboid movements of plasmodial slime molds, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 205 (2005), 125-135. Google Scholar |
[46] |
A. Vakakis, M. King and A. Pearlstein, Forced localization in a periodic chain of non-linear oscillators, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 29 (1994), 429-447. Google Scholar |
[47] |
V. Valimaki, J. Nam, J. Smith and J. Abel, Alias-suppressed oscillators based on differentiated polynomial waveforms, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 18 (2010), 786-798. Google Scholar |
[48] |
B. van der Pol, The nonlinear theory of electric oscillations, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 22 (1934), 1051-1086. Google Scholar |
[49] |
S. Venturini, Continuous dynamical systems on Taut complex manifolds, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze, 24 (1997), 291–298, http://www.numdam.org/item/ASNSP_1997_4_24_2_291_0. |
[50] |
V. Volterra, Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d'individui in specie animali conviventi, Memoria della Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2 (1926), 31-113. Google Scholar |
[51] |
G. Wang, X. Chen and S.-K. Han, Central pattern generator and feedforward neural network-based self-adaptive gait control for a crab-like robot locomoting on complex terrain under two reflex mechanisms, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 14. Google Scholar |
[52] |
N. Wilkinson, T. Bossomaier, M. Harre and A. Snyder, Strategic planning in the game of Go using coupled non-linear oscillators, in European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010), IOS Press, 2010, 1095–1096. Google Scholar |
[53] |
X. Xia and S. Li, Research on improved chaotic particle optimization algorithm based on complex function, Frontiers in Physics, 8 (2020), 368.
doi: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00368. |
[54] |
S. Yu, J. Lü, W. Tang and G. Chen, A general multiscroll Lorenz system family and its realization via digital signal processors, Chaos, 16 (2006), 033126.
doi: 10.1063/1.2336739. |
[55] |
M. Zarei, A. Kalhor and M. Masouleh,
An experimental oscillation damping impedance control for the Novint Falcon haptic device based on the phase trajectory length function concept, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 233 (2019), 2663-2672.
doi: 10.1177/0954406218799779. |
[56] |
Z. Zhang and G. Chen, Liquid mixing enhancement by chaotic perturbations in stirred tanks, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 36 (2008), 144–149, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077906005947.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2006.06.024. |
[57] |
S. Zhen and G. Davies, Calculation of the Lennard-Jones n-m potential energy parameters for metals, Physica Status Solidi (a), 78 (1983), 595-605. Google Scholar |
show all references
References:
[1] |
S. Aoi and K. Tsuchiya, Locomotion control of a biped robot using nonlinear oscillators, Autonomous Robots, 19 (2005), 219-232. Google Scholar |
[2] |
L. Bahar and H. Kwatny,
Generalized Lagrangian and conservation law for the damped harmonic oscillator, American Journal of Physics, 49 (1981), 1062-1065.
doi: 10.1119/1.12644. |
[3] |
R. Burston, "Earth-like" planetary magnetotails as non-linear oscillators, Annales Geophysicae Discussions, 2020 (2020), 1-32. Google Scholar |
[4] |
A. Cammarano, A. Gonzalez-Buelga, S. Neild, D. Wagg, S. Burrow and D. Inman, Optimum load for energy harvesting with non-linear oscillators, in Special Topics in Structural Dynamics - Proceedings of the 31st IMAC, A Conference on Structural Dynamics, 2013, 6 (2013), 555–560. Google Scholar |
[5] |
J. Cariñena, J. de Lucas and M. Rañada, Jacobi multipliers, non-local symmetries, and nonlinear oscillators, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 56 (2015), 18pp.
doi: 10.1063/1.4922509. |
[6] |
C. Chen, D. Zanette, D. Czaplewski, S. Shaw and D. López, Direct observation of coherent energy transfer in nonlinear micromechanical oscillators, Nature Communication, 8 (2017), 15523.
doi: 10.1038/ncomms15523. |
[7] |
I. Cornfeld, S. Fomin and Y. Sinai, Smooth Dynamical Systems on Smooth Manifolds, , in Ergodic Theory. Grundlehren der mathematischen Wissenschaften (A Series of Comprehensive Studies in Mathematics), vol. 245, Springer, New York, NY, 1982. Google Scholar |
[8] |
M. Eie and S.-T. Minking, A Course on Abstract Algebra, World Scientific, 2010.
doi: 10.1142/7275. |
[9] |
K. Engøand and A. Marthinsen, Modeling and solution of some mechanical problems on Lie groups, Multibody System Dynamics, 2 (1998), 71-88. Google Scholar |
[10] |
S. Fiori,
Nonlinear damped oscillators on Riemannian manifolds: Fundamentals, Journal of Systems Science and Complexity, 29 (2016), 22-40.
doi: 10.1007/s11424-015-4063-7. |
[11] |
S. Fiori,
Nonlinear damped oscillators on Riemannian manifolds: Numerical simulation, Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 47 (2017), 207-222.
doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2016.11.025. |
[12] |
S. Fiori,
Non-delayed synchronization of non-autonomous dynamical systems on Riemannian manifolds and its applications, Nonlinear Dynamics, 94 (2018), 3077-3100.
doi: 10.1007/s11071-018-4546-x. |
[13] |
M. Fornasier, H. Huang, L. Pareschi and P. Sünnen,
Consensus-based optimization on hypersurfaces: Well-posedness and mean-field limit, Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences, 30 (2020), 2725-2751.
doi: 10.1142/S0218202520500530. |
[14] |
S. Gajbhiye and R. Banavar,
The Euler-Poincaré equations for a spherical robot actuated by a pendulum, IFAC Proceedings Volumes, 45 (2012), 72-77.
doi: 10.3182/20120829-3-IT-4022.00011. |
[15] |
H. Goldstein, Classical Mechanics, 2nd edition, Addison-Wesley, 1980. |
[16] |
H. Goto, K. Tatsumura and A. Dixon, Combinatorial optimization by simulating adiabatic bifurcations in nonlinear Hamiltonian systems, Science Advances, 5 (2019), eaav2372.
doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2372. |
[17] |
F. Hajdu, Numerical examination of nonlinear oscillators, Pollack Periodica, 13 (2018), 95-106. Google Scholar |
[18] |
J.-H. He, The simpler, the better: Analytical methods for nonlinear oscillators and fractional oscillators, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control, 38 (2019), 1252-1260. Google Scholar |
[19] |
M. Holmes,
Conservative numerical methods for nonlinear oscillators, American Journal of Physics, 88 (2020), 60-69.
doi: 10.1119/10.0000295. |
[20] |
A. Iserles, Numerical methods on (and off) manifolds, in Foundations of Computational Mathematics (ed. S. M. E. Cucker F.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1997,180–189. |
[21] |
N. Khan, K. Nasir Uddin and K. Nadeem Alam,
Accurate numerical solutions of conservative nonlinear oscillators, Nonlinear Engineering, 3 (2014), 197-201.
doi: 10.1515/nleng-2014-0009. |
[22] |
I. Kovacic, Conservation laws of two coupled non-linear oscillators, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 41 (2006), 751–760, https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/43513/.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2006.04.007. |
[23] |
I. Kovacic, Four types of strongly nonlinear oscillators: Generalization of a perturbation procedure, Procedia IUTAM, 19 (2016), 101–109, IUTAM Symposium Analytical Methods in Nonlinear Dynamics. Google Scholar |
[24] |
I. Kovacic and M. Brennan, Background: On Georg Duffing and the Duffing equation, in The Duffing Equation: Nonlinear Oscillators and their Behaviour (eds. I. Kovacic and M. Brennan), John Wiley & Sons, 2011, 1–23.
doi: 10.1002/9780470977859.ch1. |
[25] |
I. Kovacic and M. Brennan, The Duffing Equation: Nonlinear Oscillators and their Behaviour, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2011.
doi: 10.1002/9780470977859. |
[26] |
Y. Kuramoto, Self-entrainment of a population of coupled non-linear oscillators, in Araki H. (eds) International Symposium on Mathematical Problems in Theoretical Physics. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol. 39, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 1975,420–422. |
[27] |
M. Lakshmanan and K. Murali, Harnessing chaos: Synchronization and secure signal transmission, Current Science, 67 (1994), 989-995. Google Scholar |
[28] |
K. Lee and K. Carlberg, Model reduction of dynamical systems on nonlinear manifolds using deep convolutional autoencoders, Journal of Computational Physics, 404 (2020), 108973, 32pp.
doi: 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.108973. |
[29] |
T.-C. Lim,
Two-body relationship between the Pearson-Takai-Halicioglu-Tiller and the Biswas-Hamann potential functions, Brazilian Journal of Physics, 35 (2005), 641-644.
doi: 10.1590/S0103-97332005000400010. |
[30] |
A. Lotka,
Analytical note on certain rhythmic relations in organic systems, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 6 (1920), 410-415.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.6.7.410. |
[31] |
J. Lu and Y. Liang, Analytical approach to the nonlinear free vibration of a conservative oscillator, Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control. Google Scholar |
[32] |
R. Mickens,
Construction of finite difference schemes for coupled nonlinear oscillators derived from a discrete energy function, Journal of Difference Equations and Applications, 2 (1996), 185-193.
doi: 10.1080/10236199608808053. |
[33] |
M. Molaei,
Hyperbolic dynamics of discrete dynamical systems on pseudo-Riemannian manifolds, Electronic Research Announcements, 25 (2018), 8-15.
doi: 10.3934/era.2018.25.002. |
[34] |
F. Molero, M. Lara, S. Ferrer and F. Céspedes,
2-D Duffing oscillator: Elliptic functions from a dynamical systems point of view, Qualitative Theory of Dynamical Systems, 12 (2013), 115-139.
doi: 10.1007/s12346-012-0081-1. |
[35] |
D. Moore and E. Spiegel,
A thermally excited non-linear oscillator, Astrophysical Journal, 143 (1966), 871-887.
doi: 10.1086/148562. |
[36] |
O. Mustafa, $n$-dimensional PDM non-linear oscillators: Linearizability and Euler-Lagrange or Newtonian invariance, Physica Scripta, 95. Google Scholar |
[37] |
I. N'Doye and T. Kirati, Stability and trajectories analysis of a fractional generalization of simple pendulum dynamic equation, in 18th European Control Conference (ECC), 2019, 3854–3860. Google Scholar |
[38] |
V. Nekorkin, Introduction to Nonlinear Oscillations, Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015.
doi: 10.1002/9783527695942. |
[39] |
M. Nielsen and I. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000.
![]() |
[40] |
A. Ouannas, A. Karouma, G. Grassi, V.-T. Pham and V. Luong, A novel secure communications scheme based on chaotic modulation, recursive encryption and chaotic masking, Alexandria Engineering Journal, 60 (2021), 1873-1884. Google Scholar |
[41] |
A. Prykarpatsky and I. Mykytiuk, Algebraic Integrability of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems on Manifolds: Classical and Quantum Aspects, Mathematics and its Applications, 443. Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Dordrecht, 1998.
doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-4994-5. |
[42] |
R. Reid,
Local phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials, Annals of Physics, 50 (1968), 411-448.
doi: 10.1016/0003-4916(68)90126-7. |
[43] |
N. Sherif and E. Morsy,
Computing real logarithm of a real matrix, International Journal of Algebra, 2 (2008), 131-142.
|
[44] |
H. Sussmann, Dynamical systems on manifolds: Accessibility and controllability, in 1971 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 1971,188–191. Google Scholar |
[45] |
A. Tero, R. Kobayashi and T. Nakagaki, A coupled-oscillator model with a conservation law for the rhythmic amoeboid movements of plasmodial slime molds, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 205 (2005), 125-135. Google Scholar |
[46] |
A. Vakakis, M. King and A. Pearlstein, Forced localization in a periodic chain of non-linear oscillators, International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 29 (1994), 429-447. Google Scholar |
[47] |
V. Valimaki, J. Nam, J. Smith and J. Abel, Alias-suppressed oscillators based on differentiated polynomial waveforms, IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 18 (2010), 786-798. Google Scholar |
[48] |
B. van der Pol, The nonlinear theory of electric oscillations, Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, 22 (1934), 1051-1086. Google Scholar |
[49] |
S. Venturini, Continuous dynamical systems on Taut complex manifolds, Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa - Classe di Scienze, 24 (1997), 291–298, http://www.numdam.org/item/ASNSP_1997_4_24_2_291_0. |
[50] |
V. Volterra, Variazioni e fluttuazioni del numero d'individui in specie animali conviventi, Memoria della Reale Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, 2 (1926), 31-113. Google Scholar |
[51] |
G. Wang, X. Chen and S.-K. Han, Central pattern generator and feedforward neural network-based self-adaptive gait control for a crab-like robot locomoting on complex terrain under two reflex mechanisms, International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 14. Google Scholar |
[52] |
N. Wilkinson, T. Bossomaier, M. Harre and A. Snyder, Strategic planning in the game of Go using coupled non-linear oscillators, in European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2010), IOS Press, 2010, 1095–1096. Google Scholar |
[53] |
X. Xia and S. Li, Research on improved chaotic particle optimization algorithm based on complex function, Frontiers in Physics, 8 (2020), 368.
doi: 10.3389/fphy.2020.00368. |
[54] |
S. Yu, J. Lü, W. Tang and G. Chen, A general multiscroll Lorenz system family and its realization via digital signal processors, Chaos, 16 (2006), 033126.
doi: 10.1063/1.2336739. |
[55] |
M. Zarei, A. Kalhor and M. Masouleh,
An experimental oscillation damping impedance control for the Novint Falcon haptic device based on the phase trajectory length function concept, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 233 (2019), 2663-2672.
doi: 10.1177/0954406218799779. |
[56] |
Z. Zhang and G. Chen, Liquid mixing enhancement by chaotic perturbations in stirred tanks, Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, 36 (2008), 144–149, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077906005947.
doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2006.06.024. |
[57] |
S. Zhen and G. Davies, Calculation of the Lennard-Jones n-m potential energy parameters for metals, Physica Status Solidi (a), 78 (1983), 595-605. Google Scholar |


























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