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doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021240
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Large time behavior in a predator-prey system with pursuit-evasion interaction

Dayong Qi and  Yuanyuan Ke ,

School of Mathematics Renmin University of China Beijing, 100872, China

* Corresponding author: Yuanyuan Ke

Received  June 2021 Revised  August 2021 Early access October 2021

This work considers a pursuit-evasion model
$\begin{equation} \left\{ \begin{split} &u_t = \Delta u-\chi\nabla\cdot(u\nabla w)+u(\mu-u+av),\\ &v_t = \Delta v+\xi\nabla\cdot(v\nabla z)+v(\lambda-v-bu),\\ &w_t = \Delta w-w+v,\\ &z_t = \Delta z-z+u\\ \end{split} \right. \ \ \ \ \ (1) \end{equation}$
with positive parameters
$ \chi $
,
$ \xi $
,
$ \mu $
,
$ \lambda $
,
$ a $
 and
$ b $
 in a bounded domain
$ \Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N $
 (
$ N $
 is the dimension of the space) with smooth boundary. We prove that if
$ a<2 $
 and
$ \frac{N(2-a)}{2(C_{\frac{N}{2}+1})^{\frac{1}{\frac{N}{2}+1}}(N-2)_+}>\max\{\chi,\xi\} $
, (1) possesses a global bounded classical solution with a positive constant
$ C_{\frac{N}{2}+1} $
 corresponding to the maximal Sobolev regularity. Moreover, it is shown that if
$ b\mu<\lambda $
, the solution (
$ u,v,w,z $
) converges to a spatially homogeneous coexistence state with respect to the norm in
$ L^\infty(\Omega) $
 in the large time limit under some exact smallness conditions on
$ \chi $
 and
$ \xi $
. If
$ b\mu>\lambda $
, the solution converges to (
$ \mu,0,0,\mu $
) with respect to the norm in
$ L^\infty(\Omega) $
 as
$ t\rightarrow \infty $
 under some smallness assumption on
$ \chi $
 with arbitrary
$ \xi $
.
Keywords: chemotaxis, global existence, large time behavior, predator-prey, stabilization.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35B65, 35K57, 35Q92.
Citation: Dayong Qi, Yuanyuan Ke. Large time behavior in a predator-prey system with pursuit-evasion interaction. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021240
References:
[1]

P. Amorim and B. Telch, A chemotaxis predator-prey model with indirect pursuit-evasion dynamics and parabolic signal, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 500 (2021), 27pp. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125128.  Google Scholar

[2]

P. Amorim, B. Telch and L. M. Villada, A reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with pursuit, evasion, and nonlocal sensing, Math. Biosci. Eng., 16 (2019), 5114-5145.  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019257.  Google Scholar

[3]

X. Cao, Boundedness in a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with logistic source, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 412 (2014), 181-188.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.10.061.  Google Scholar

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T. Cieślak and M. Winkler, Finite-time blow-up in a quasilinear system of chemotaxis, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 1057-1076.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/5/009.  Google Scholar

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T. Goudon and L. Urrutia, Analysis of kinetic and macroscopic models of pursuit-evasion dynamics, Commun. Math. Sci., 14 (2016), 2253-2286.  doi: 10.4310/CMS.2016.v14.n8.a7.  Google Scholar

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M. A. Herrero and J. J. L. Velázques, A blow-up mechanism for a chemotaxis model, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 24 (1997), 633-683.   Google Scholar

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M. Hieber and J. Prüss, Heat kernels and maximal Lp-Lq estimate for parabolic evolution equations, Comm. Par. Differ. Equns., 22 (1997), 1647-1669.  doi: 10.1080/03605309708821314.  Google Scholar

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O. A. Ladyzenskaya, V. A. Solonnikov and N. N. Uralceva, Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type, Izdat. "Nauka", Moscow 1967,736 pp.  Google Scholar

[13]

D. Li, Global stability in a multi-dimensional predator-prey system with prey-taxis, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 41 (2021), 1681-1705.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020337.  Google Scholar

[14]

G. Li, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Large time behavior in a predator-prey system with indirect pursuit-evasion interaction, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 25 (2020), 4383-4396.  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020102.  Google Scholar

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Y. Tao and Z. Wang, Competing effects of attraction vs. repulsion in chemotaxis, Math. Models. Methods Appl. Sci., 23 (2013), 1-36.  doi: 10.1142/S0218202512500443.  Google Scholar

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Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Boundedness in a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with subcritical sensitivity, J. Differ. Equns., 252 (2012), 692-715.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.08.019.  Google Scholar

[19]

Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Eventual smoothness and stabilization of large-data solutions in a three-dimensional chemotaxis system with consumption of chemoattractant, J. Differ. Equns., 252 (2012), 2520-2543.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.07.010.  Google Scholar

[20]

Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Global smooth solvability of a parabolic-elliptic nutrient taxis system in domains of arbitrary dimension, J. Differ. Equns., 267 (2019), 388-406.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2019.01.014.  Google Scholar

[21]

B. Telch and L. M. Villada, A reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with pursuit, evasion, and nonlocal sensing, Math. Biosci. Eng., 16 (2019), 5114-5145.  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019257.  Google Scholar

[22]

M. A. Tsyganov, J. Brindley, A. V. Holden and V. N. Biktashev, Quasi-soliton interaction of pursuit-evasion waves in a predator-prey system, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 (2003), 218102.   Google Scholar

[23]

Y. Tyutyunov, L. Titova and R. Arditi, A minimal model of pursuit-evasion in a predator-prey system, Math. Model. Nat. Phenom., 2 (2007), 122-134.  doi: 10.1051/mmnp:2008028.  Google Scholar

[24]

J. Wang, S. Wu and J. Shi, Pattern formation in diffusive predator-prey systems with predator-taxis and prey-taxis, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 26 (2021), 1273-1289.  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020162.  Google Scholar

[25]

M. Winkler, Boundedness in the higher-dimensional parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with logistic source, Comm. Par. Differ. Equns., 35 (2010), 1516-1537.  doi: 10.1080/03605300903473426.  Google Scholar

[26]

M. Winkler, Finite-time blow-up in the higher-dimensional parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system, J. Math. Pures. Appl., 100 (2013), 748-767.  doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.01.020.  Google Scholar

[27]

M. Winkler, Asymptotic homogenization in a three-dimensional nutrient taxis-system involving food-supported proliferation, J. Differ. Equns., 263 (2017), 4826-4869.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.06.002.  Google Scholar

[28]

P. Xue, Y. Jia, C. Ren and X. Li, Non-constant positive solutions of a general Gause-type predator-prey system with self- and cross-diffusions, Math. Model. Nat. Phenom., 16 (2021), 15pp. doi: 10.1051/mmnp/2021017.  Google Scholar

[29]

J. Zheng, Y. Li, G. Bao and X. Zou, A new result for global existence and boundedness of solutions to a parabolic–parabolic Keller–Segel system with logistic source, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 462 (2018), 1-25.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2018.01.064.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

P. Amorim and B. Telch, A chemotaxis predator-prey model with indirect pursuit-evasion dynamics and parabolic signal, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 500 (2021), 27pp. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2021.125128.  Google Scholar

[2]

P. Amorim, B. Telch and L. M. Villada, A reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with pursuit, evasion, and nonlocal sensing, Math. Biosci. Eng., 16 (2019), 5114-5145.  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019257.  Google Scholar

[3]

X. Cao, Boundedness in a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with logistic source, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 412 (2014), 181-188.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2013.10.061.  Google Scholar

[4]

T. Cieślak and M. Winkler, Finite-time blow-up in a quasilinear system of chemotaxis, Nonlinearity, 21 (2008), 1057-1076.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/21/5/009.  Google Scholar

[5]

T. Goudon and L. Urrutia, Analysis of kinetic and macroscopic models of pursuit-evasion dynamics, Commun. Math. Sci., 14 (2016), 2253-2286.  doi: 10.4310/CMS.2016.v14.n8.a7.  Google Scholar

[6]

M. A. Herrero and J. J. L. Velázques, A blow-up mechanism for a chemotaxis model, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 24 (1997), 633-683.   Google Scholar

[7]

M. Hieber and J. Prüss, Heat kernels and maximal Lp-Lq estimate for parabolic evolution equations, Comm. Par. Differ. Equns., 22 (1997), 1647-1669.  doi: 10.1080/03605309708821314.  Google Scholar

[8]

S. Ishida, K. Seki and T. Yokota, Boundedness in quasilinear Keller-Segel systems of parabolic-parabolic type on non-convex bounded domains, J. Differ. Equns., 256 (2014), 2993-3010.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.01.028.  Google Scholar

[9]

Y. Jia and P. Xue, Effects of the self- and cross-diffusion on positive steady states for a generalized predator-prey system, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 32 (2016), 229-241.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2016.04.012.  Google Scholar

[10]

P. Kareiva and G. Odell, Swarms of predators exhibit 'preytaxis' if individual predators use area-restricted search, The American Naturalist, 130 (1987), 233-270.  doi: 10.1086/284707.  Google Scholar

[11]

E. F. Keller and L. A. Segel, Initiation of slime mold aggregation viewed as an instability, J. Theor. Bio., 26 (1970), 399-415.  doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(70)90092-5.  Google Scholar

[12]

O. A. Ladyzenskaya, V. A. Solonnikov and N. N. Uralceva, Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type, Izdat. "Nauka", Moscow 1967,736 pp.  Google Scholar

[13]

D. Li, Global stability in a multi-dimensional predator-prey system with prey-taxis, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst., 41 (2021), 1681-1705.  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020337.  Google Scholar

[14]

G. Li, Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Large time behavior in a predator-prey system with indirect pursuit-evasion interaction, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 25 (2020), 4383-4396.  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020102.  Google Scholar

[15]

Y. Lou and W. Ni, Diffusion, self-diffusion and cross-diffusion, J. Differ. Equns., 131 (1996), 79-131.  doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0157.  Google Scholar

[16]

Q. Meng and L. Yang, Steady state in a cross-diffusion predator-prey model with the Beddington-DeAngelis functional response, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 45 (2019), 401-413.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2018.07.012.  Google Scholar

[17]

Y. Tao and Z. Wang, Competing effects of attraction vs. repulsion in chemotaxis, Math. Models. Methods Appl. Sci., 23 (2013), 1-36.  doi: 10.1142/S0218202512500443.  Google Scholar

[18]

Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Boundedness in a quasilinear parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system with subcritical sensitivity, J. Differ. Equns., 252 (2012), 692-715.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.08.019.  Google Scholar

[19]

Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Eventual smoothness and stabilization of large-data solutions in a three-dimensional chemotaxis system with consumption of chemoattractant, J. Differ. Equns., 252 (2012), 2520-2543.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2011.07.010.  Google Scholar

[20]

Y. Tao and M. Winkler, Global smooth solvability of a parabolic-elliptic nutrient taxis system in domains of arbitrary dimension, J. Differ. Equns., 267 (2019), 388-406.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2019.01.014.  Google Scholar

[21]

B. Telch and L. M. Villada, A reaction-diffusion predator-prey model with pursuit, evasion, and nonlocal sensing, Math. Biosci. Eng., 16 (2019), 5114-5145.  doi: 10.3934/mbe.2019257.  Google Scholar

[22]

M. A. Tsyganov, J. Brindley, A. V. Holden and V. N. Biktashev, Quasi-soliton interaction of pursuit-evasion waves in a predator-prey system, Phys. Rev. Lett., 91 (2003), 218102.   Google Scholar

[23]

Y. Tyutyunov, L. Titova and R. Arditi, A minimal model of pursuit-evasion in a predator-prey system, Math. Model. Nat. Phenom., 2 (2007), 122-134.  doi: 10.1051/mmnp:2008028.  Google Scholar

[24]

J. Wang, S. Wu and J. Shi, Pattern formation in diffusive predator-prey systems with predator-taxis and prey-taxis, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. B, 26 (2021), 1273-1289.  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020162.  Google Scholar

[25]

M. Winkler, Boundedness in the higher-dimensional parabolic-parabolic chemotaxis system with logistic source, Comm. Par. Differ. Equns., 35 (2010), 1516-1537.  doi: 10.1080/03605300903473426.  Google Scholar

[26]

M. Winkler, Finite-time blow-up in the higher-dimensional parabolic-parabolic Keller-Segel system, J. Math. Pures. Appl., 100 (2013), 748-767.  doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2013.01.020.  Google Scholar

[27]

M. Winkler, Asymptotic homogenization in a three-dimensional nutrient taxis-system involving food-supported proliferation, J. Differ. Equns., 263 (2017), 4826-4869.  doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.06.002.  Google Scholar

[28]

P. Xue, Y. Jia, C. Ren and X. Li, Non-constant positive solutions of a general Gause-type predator-prey system with self- and cross-diffusions, Math. Model. Nat. Phenom., 16 (2021), 15pp. doi: 10.1051/mmnp/2021017.  Google Scholar

[29]

J. Zheng, Y. Li, G. Bao and X. Zou, A new result for global existence and boundedness of solutions to a parabolic–parabolic Keller–Segel system with logistic source, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 462 (2018), 1-25.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2018.01.064.  Google Scholar

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