We investigate the existence of nontrivial solutions of parameter-dependent elliptic equations with deviated argument in annular-like domains in $ \mathbb{R}^{n} $, with $ n\geq 2 $, subject to functional boundary conditions. In particular we consider a boundary value problem that may be used to model heat-flow problems. We obtain an existence result by means of topological methods; in particular, we make use of a recent variant in affine cones of the celebrated Birkhoff–Kellogg theorem. Using an ODE argument, we illustrate in an example the applicability of our theoretical result.
| Citation: |
| [1] |
H. Amann, Fixed point equations and nonlinear eigenvalue problems in ordered Banach spaces, SIAM. Rev., 18 (1976), 620-709.
doi: 10.1137/1018114.
|
| [2] |
H. Amann and J. López-Gómez, A priori bounds and multiple solutions for superlinear indefinite elliptic problems, J. Differential Equations, 146 (1998), 336-374.
doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1998.3440.
|
| [3] |
S. Biagi, A. Calamai and G. Infante, Nonzero positive solutions of elliptic systems with gradient dependence and functional BCs, Adv. Nonlinear Stud., 20 (2020), 911-931.
doi: 10.1515/ans-2020-2101.
|
| [4] |
G. Bonanno, Dirichlet problems without asymptotic conditions on the nonlinear term, Rend. Istit. Mat. Univ. Trieste, 49 (2017), 319-333.
doi: 10.1080/0740817x.2016.1237060.
|
| [5] |
A. Cabada, An overview of the lower and upper solutions method with nonlinear boundary value conditions, Bound. Value Probl., (2011), Art. ID 893753, 18 pp.
doi: 10.1155/2011/893753.
|
| [6] |
A. Cabada, G. Infante and F. A. F. Tojo, Nonzero solutions of perturbed Hammerstein integral equations with deviated arguments and applications, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 47 (2016), 265-287.
doi: 10.12775/TMNA.2016.005.
|
| [7] |
A. Calamai and G. Infante, An affine Birkhoff-Kellogg type result in cones with applications to functional differential equations, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 46 (2023), 11897-11905.
doi: 10.1002/mma.8665.
|
| [8] |
A. Calamai and G. Infante, On fourth order retarded equations with functional boundary conditions: A unified approach, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 17 (2024), 2009-2020.
doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2023006.
|
| [9] |
A. Calamai and G. Infante, Nontrivial solutions of a parameter-dependent heat flow problem with deviated arguments, in: Topological Methods for Delay and Ordinary Differential Equations, P. Amster and P. Benevieri (Eds.), Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics, Birkhäuser, Cham, Germany 51 (2024), 141-150.
doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-61337-1_6.
|
| [10] |
A. Calamai, G. Infante and J. Rodríguez-López, A Birkhoff-Kellogg type theorem for discontinous operators with applications, Mediterr. J. Math., 21 (2024) Paper No. 149, 19 pp.
doi: 10.1007/s00009-024-02692-3.
|
| [11] |
Y. Chen and J. Ma, Numerical methods for a partial differential equation with spatial delay arising in option pricing under hard-to-borrow model, Comput. Math. Appl., 76 (2018), 2129-2140.
doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2018.08.011.
|
| [12] |
R. Conti, Recent trends in the theory of boundary value problems for ordinary differential equations, Boll. Un. Mat. Ital., 22 (1967), 135-178.
|
| [13] |
S. Djebali and K. Mebarki, Fixed point index on translates of cones and applications, Nonlinear Stud., 21 (2014), 579-589.
doi: 10.15408/sdi.v21i3.1221.
|
| [14] |
R. Figueroa and R. L. Pouso, Minimal and maximal solutions to second-order boundary value problems with state-dependent deviating arguments, Bull. Lond. Math. Soc., 43 (2011), 164-174.
doi: 10.1112/blms/bdq091.
|
| [15] |
C. S. Goodrich, New Harnack inequalities and existence theorems for radially symmetric solutions of elliptic PDEs with sign changing or vanishing Green's function, J. Differential Equations, 264 (2018), 236-262.
doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.09.011.
|
| [16] |
C. S. Goodrich, Radially symmetric solutions of elliptic PDEs with uniformly negative weight, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl., 197 (2018), 1585-1611.
doi: 10.1007/s10231-018-0738-8.
|
| [17] |
D. Guo and V. Lakshmikantham, Nonlinear Problems in Abstract Cones, Academic Press, Boston, 1988.
doi: 10.1016/C2013-0-10750-7.
|
| [18] |
G. Infante, Nonzero positive solutions of a multi-parameter elliptic system with functional BCs, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 52 (2018), 665-675.
doi: 10.12775/TMNA.2017.060.
|
| [19] |
G. Infante, Nonzero positive solutions of nonlocal elliptic systems with functional BCs, J. Elliptic Parabol. Equ., 5 (2019), 493-505.
doi: 10.1007/s41808-019-00049-6.
|
| [20] |
G. L. Karakostas and P. Ch. Tsamatos, Existence of multiple positive solutions for a nonlocal boundary value problem, Topol. Methods Nonlinear Anal., 19 (2002), 109-121.
doi: 10.12775/TMNA.2002.007.
|
| [21] |
G. L. Karakostas and P. Ch. Tsamatos, Multiple positive solutions of some Fredholm integral equations arisen from nonlocal boundary-value problems, Electron. J. Differential Equations, 2002, 17 pp.
|
| [22] |
M. Kowalczyk, A. Pistoia and G. Vaira, Maximal solution of the Liouville equation in doubly connected domains, J. Funct. Anal., 277 (2019), 2997-3050.
doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2019.06.013.
|
| [23] |
R. Ma, A survey on nonlocal boundary value problems, Appl. Math. E-Notes, 7 (2007), 257-279.
|
| [24] |
T. F. Ma, Remarks on an elliptic equation of Kirchhoff type, Nonlinear Anal., 63 (2005), e1967-e1977.
doi: 10.1016/j.na.2005.03.021.
|
| [25] |
S. K. Ntouyas, Nonlocal initial and boundary value problems: A survey, Handbook of Differential Equations: Ordinary Differential Equations. Vol. II, Elsevier B. V., Amsterdam, (2005), 461-557.
doi: 10.1016/S1874-5725(05)80008-2.
|
| [26] |
C. V. Pao, Nonlinear Parabolic and Elliptic Equations, Springer, New York, 2013.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-3034-3.
|
| [27] |
C. V. Pao and Y.-M. Wang, Nonlinear fourth-order elliptic equations with nonlocal boundary conditions, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 372 (2010), 351-365.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2010.07.027.
|
| [28] |
M. Picone, Su un problema al contorno nelle equazioni differenziali lineari ordinarie del secondo ordine, Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa Cl. Sci., 10 (1908), 1-95.
|
| [29] |
M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, Maximum Principles in Differential Equations, Prentice-Hall Partial Differential Equations Series. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. X, 261 p. 1967.
doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5282-5.
|
| [30] |
L. E. Rossovskii and A. A. Tovsultanov, Elliptic functional differential equation with affine transformations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 480 (2019), 123403.
doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2019.123403.
|
| [31] |
L. Simon, Multiple solutions of nonlinear elliptic functional differential equations, Electron. J. Qual. Theory Differ. Equ., 2018, 1-9.
doi: 10.14232/ejqtde.2019.1.21.
|
| [32] |
A. L. Skubachevskii, Elliptic Functional Differential Equations and Applications, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 91. Basel, Birkhäuser (1997).
doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9033-5.
|
| [33] |
A. L. Skubachevskii, Boundary-value problems for elliptic functional-differential equations and their applications, Usp. Mat. Nauk, 71 (2016), 3-112.
doi: 10.1070/RM9739.
|
| [34] |
A. Štikonas, A survey on stationary problems, Green's functions and spectrum of Sturm-Liouville problem with nonlocal boundary conditions, Nonlinear Anal. Model. Control, 19 (2014), 301-334.
doi: 10.15388/NA.2014.3.1.
|
| [35] |
J. R. L. Webb, Existence of positive solutions for a thermostat model, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 13 (2012), 923-938.
doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2011.08.027.
|
| [36] |
J. R. L. Webb and G. Infante, Positive solutions of nonlocal boundary value problems: A unified approach, J. London Math. Soc., 74 (2006), 673-693.
doi: 10.1112/S0024610706023179.
|
| [37] |
W. M. Whyburn, Differential equations with general boundary conditions, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 48 (1942), 692-704.
doi: 10.1090/S0002-9904-1942-07760-3.
|