Existence, uniqueness, stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a mathematical model of atherosclerosis

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February 2016, 9(1): 343-362. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016.9.343

Existence, uniqueness, stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a mathematical model of atherosclerosis

Telma Silva ^1, , Adélia Sequeira ^2, , Rafael F. Santos ^3, and Jorge Tiago ^4,

1.	Uni-CV, Cabo Verde and CEMAT, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
2.	Department of Mathematics and CEMAT/IST, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa
3.	Department of Mathematics and CEMAT/IST, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
4.	Dept Math and CEMAT, IST, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal

Received September 2014 Revised February 2015 Published December 2015

Abstract
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We study an atherosclerosis model described by a reaction-diffusion system of three equations, in one dimension, with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions. The method of upper and lower solutions and its associated monotone iteration (the monotone iterative method) are used to establish existence, uniqueness and boundedness of global solutions for the problem. Upper and lower solutions are derived for the corresponding steady-state problem. Moreover, solutions of Cauchy problems defined for time-dependent system are presented as alternatives upper and lower solutions. The stability of constant steady-state solutions and the asymptotic behavior of the time-dependent solutions are studied.

Keywords: stability, asymptotic behavior of solutions., reaction-diffusion equations, quasimonotone property, Atherosclerosis, upper and lower solutions.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35K57, 92C50; Secondary: 35A01, 35A08, 35B35, 35B4.

Citation: Telma Silva, Adélia Sequeira, Rafael F. Santos, Jorge Tiago. Existence, uniqueness, stability and asymptotic behavior of solutions for a mathematical model of atherosclerosis. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2016, 9 (1) : 343-362. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016.9.343

References:

[1]	N. F. Britton, Reaction-Diffusion Equations and their Applications to Biology,, Academic Press Inc., (1986). Google Scholar
[2]	V. Calvez, A. Ebde, N. Meunier and A. Raoult, Mathematical and numerical modeling of the atherosclerotic plaque formation,, ESAIM Proceedings, 28 (2009), 1. doi: 10.1051/proc/2009036. Google Scholar
[3]	V. Calvez, J. Houot, N. Meunier, A. Raoult and G. Rusnakova, Mathematical and numerical modeling of early atherosclerotic lesions,, ESAIM Proceedings, 30 (2010), 1. doi: 10.1051/proc/2010002. Google Scholar
[4]	P. C. Fife, Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems,, Springer-Verlag, (1979). Google Scholar
[5]	A. Friedman, Partial Differential Equations of Parabolic Type,, R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., (1983). Google Scholar
[6]	H. Daniel, Geometric Theory of Semilinear Parabolic Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1981). Google Scholar
[7]	N. Filipovic, D. Nikolic, I. Saveljic, Z. Milosevic, T. Exarchos, G. Pelosi and O. Parodi, Computer simulation of three-dimensional plaque formation and progression in the coronary artery,, Elsevier, 88 (2013), 826. doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.07.006. Google Scholar
[8]	W. Hao and A. Friedman, The LDL-HDL profile determines the risk of atherosclerosis- a mathematical model,, PLoS ONE, 9 (2014). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090497. Google Scholar
[9]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys and V. Volpert, Atherosclerosis initiation modeled as an inflammatory process,, Math. Model Nat. Phenom., 2 (2007), 126. doi: 10.1051/mmnp:2008022. Google Scholar
[10]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys, B. Kazmierczak and V. Volpert, Mathematical modeling of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease,, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 367 (2009), 4877. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0142. Google Scholar
[11]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys, B. Kazmierczak and V. Volpert, Reaction-diffusion model of atherosclerosis development,, J. Math. Biol., 65 (2012), 349. doi: 10.1007/s00285-011-0461-1. Google Scholar
[12]	N. V. Krylov, Lectures on Elliptic and Parabolic Equations in Hölder Spaces,, American Math. Society, (1996). doi: 10.1090/gsm/012. Google Scholar
[13]	O. Ladyzhenskaya, V. Solonnikov and N. Uraltseva, Linear and Quasi-linear Equations of Parabolic Type,, American Math. Soc., (1968). Google Scholar
[14]	B. Liu and D. Tang, Computer simulations of atherosclerosis plaque growth in coronary arteries,, Mol. Cell. Biomech., 7 (2010), 193. Google Scholar
[15]	C. V. Pao, Nonlinear Parabolic and Elliptic Equations,, Plenum Press, (1992). Google Scholar
[16]	C. V. Pao, Quasisolutions and global attractor of reaction-diffusion systems,, Elsevier Science Ltd, 26 (1996), 1889. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(95)00058-4. Google Scholar
[17]	M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, Maximum Principles in Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1984). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5282-5. Google Scholar
[18]	R. Ross, Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease,, Massachussets Medical Soc., 340 (1999), 115. Google Scholar
[19]	F. Rothe, Global Solutions of Reaction-Diffusion System,, Springer-Verlag, (1984). Google Scholar
[20]	D. H. Sattinger, Monotone methods in nonlinear elliptic and parabolic bounded value problems,, Indiana University Math. Journal, 21 (1972), 979. Google Scholar
[21]	T. Silva, A. Sequeira, R. Santos and J. Tiago, Mathematical modeling of atherosclerotic plaque formation coupled with a non-Newtonian model of blood flow,, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Conf. Papers in Math., 2013 (2013). doi: 10.1155/2013/405914. Google Scholar

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References:

[1]	N. F. Britton, Reaction-Diffusion Equations and their Applications to Biology,, Academic Press Inc., (1986). Google Scholar
[2]	V. Calvez, A. Ebde, N. Meunier and A. Raoult, Mathematical and numerical modeling of the atherosclerotic plaque formation,, ESAIM Proceedings, 28 (2009), 1. doi: 10.1051/proc/2009036. Google Scholar
[3]	V. Calvez, J. Houot, N. Meunier, A. Raoult and G. Rusnakova, Mathematical and numerical modeling of early atherosclerotic lesions,, ESAIM Proceedings, 30 (2010), 1. doi: 10.1051/proc/2010002. Google Scholar
[4]	P. C. Fife, Mathematical Aspects of Reacting and Diffusing Systems,, Springer-Verlag, (1979). Google Scholar
[5]	A. Friedman, Partial Differential Equations of Parabolic Type,, R.E. Krieger Pub. Co., (1983). Google Scholar
[6]	H. Daniel, Geometric Theory of Semilinear Parabolic Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1981). Google Scholar
[7]	N. Filipovic, D. Nikolic, I. Saveljic, Z. Milosevic, T. Exarchos, G. Pelosi and O. Parodi, Computer simulation of three-dimensional plaque formation and progression in the coronary artery,, Elsevier, 88 (2013), 826. doi: 10.1016/j.compfluid.2013.07.006. Google Scholar
[8]	W. Hao and A. Friedman, The LDL-HDL profile determines the risk of atherosclerosis- a mathematical model,, PLoS ONE, 9 (2014). doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090497. Google Scholar
[9]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys and V. Volpert, Atherosclerosis initiation modeled as an inflammatory process,, Math. Model Nat. Phenom., 2 (2007), 126. doi: 10.1051/mmnp:2008022. Google Scholar
[10]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys, B. Kazmierczak and V. Volpert, Mathematical modeling of atherosclerosis as an inflammatory disease,, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 367 (2009), 4877. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2009.0142. Google Scholar
[11]	N. El Khatib, S. Genieys, B. Kazmierczak and V. Volpert, Reaction-diffusion model of atherosclerosis development,, J. Math. Biol., 65 (2012), 349. doi: 10.1007/s00285-011-0461-1. Google Scholar
[12]	N. V. Krylov, Lectures on Elliptic and Parabolic Equations in Hölder Spaces,, American Math. Society, (1996). doi: 10.1090/gsm/012. Google Scholar
[13]	O. Ladyzhenskaya, V. Solonnikov and N. Uraltseva, Linear and Quasi-linear Equations of Parabolic Type,, American Math. Soc., (1968). Google Scholar
[14]	B. Liu and D. Tang, Computer simulations of atherosclerosis plaque growth in coronary arteries,, Mol. Cell. Biomech., 7 (2010), 193. Google Scholar
[15]	C. V. Pao, Nonlinear Parabolic and Elliptic Equations,, Plenum Press, (1992). Google Scholar
[16]	C. V. Pao, Quasisolutions and global attractor of reaction-diffusion systems,, Elsevier Science Ltd, 26 (1996), 1889. doi: 10.1016/0362-546X(95)00058-4. Google Scholar
[17]	M. H. Protter and H. F. Weinberger, Maximum Principles in Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1984). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5282-5. Google Scholar
[18]	R. Ross, Atherosclerosis - an inflammatory disease,, Massachussets Medical Soc., 340 (1999), 115. Google Scholar
[19]	F. Rothe, Global Solutions of Reaction-Diffusion System,, Springer-Verlag, (1984). Google Scholar
[20]	D. H. Sattinger, Monotone methods in nonlinear elliptic and parabolic bounded value problems,, Indiana University Math. Journal, 21 (1972), 979. Google Scholar
[21]	T. Silva, A. Sequeira, R. Santos and J. Tiago, Mathematical modeling of atherosclerotic plaque formation coupled with a non-Newtonian model of blood flow,, Hindawi Publishing Corporation Conf. Papers in Math., 2013 (2013). doi: 10.1155/2013/405914. Google Scholar

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