# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

November  2020, 13(11): 3189-3204. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020114

## Existence of generalized homoclinic solutions for a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation

 1 Department of Mathematics, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China 2 Department of Mathematics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321004, China

* Corresponding author: Maoan Han

Received  September 2018 Revised  December 2018 Published  October 2019

Fund Project: The corresponding author is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11431008 and 11771296)

In this paper, we investigate the modified steady Swift-Hohenberg equation
 $$$\begin{split} ku_{xxxx}+2ku_{xx}+\alpha u^{2}_{x}-\varepsilon u+u^{3} = 0,~~~~(1) \end{split}$$$
where
 $k>0$
,
 $\alpha$
and
 $\varepsilon$
are constants. We obtain a homoclinic solution about the dominant system which will be proved to deform a reversible homoclinic solution approaching to a periodic solution of the whole equation with the aid of the Fourier series expansion method, the fixed point theorem, the reversibility and adjusting the phase shift. And the homoclinic solution approaching to a periodic solution of the equation are called generalized homoclinic solution.
Citation: Yixia Shi, Maoan Han. Existence of generalized homoclinic solutions for a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2020, 13 (11) : 3189-3204. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020114
##### References:
 [1] E. Bodenschatz, W. Pesch and G. Ahlers, Recent developments in Rayleigh-Bénard convection, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, 32 (2000), 709-778.  doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.709.  Google Scholar [2] F. H. Busse, Non-linear properties of thermal convection, Rep. Progr. Phys., 41 (1978), 1929-1967.  doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/41/12/003.  Google Scholar [3] S. F. Deng, B. L. Guo and X. P. Li, Notes on homoclinic solutions of the steady Swift-Hohenberg equation, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 34 (2013), 917-920.  doi: 10.1007/s11401-013-0801-0.  Google Scholar [4] S. F. Deng, Periodic solutions and homoclinic solutions for a Swift-Hohenberg equation with dispersion, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 9 (2016), 1647-1662.  doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016068.  Google Scholar [5] S. F. Deng and B. L. Guo, Generalized homoclinic solutions of a coupled Schrödinger system under a small perturbation, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 24 (2012), 761-776.  doi: 10.1007/s10884-012-9274-1.  Google Scholar [6] S. F. Deng and X. P. Li, Generalized homoclinic solutions for the Swift-Hohenberg equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 390 (2012), 15-26.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.11.074.  Google Scholar [7] S. F. Deng and S.-M. Sun, Three-dimensional gravity-capillary waves on water-small surface tension case, Phys. D, 238 (2009), 1735-1751.  doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2009.05.012.  Google Scholar [8] S. F. Deng and S.-M. Sun, Exact theory of three-dimensional water waves at the critical speed, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 2721-2761.  doi: 10.1137/09077922X.  Google Scholar [9] S. F. Deng, B. L. Guo and T. C. Wang, Existence of generalized heteroclinic solutions of the coupled Schrödinger system under a small perturbation, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 35 (2014), 857-872.  doi: 10.1007/s11401-014-0867-3.  Google Scholar [10] A. Doelman, B. Standstede, A. Scheel and G. Schneider, Propagation of hexagonal patterns near onset, Eur. J. Appl. Math., 14 (2003), 85-110.  doi: 10.1017/S095679250200503X.  Google Scholar [11] E. Lombardi, Oscillatory Integrals and Phenomena Beyond all Algebraic Orders. With Applications to Homoclinic Orbits in Reversible Systems, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1741. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. doi: 10.1007/BFb0104102.  Google Scholar [12] E. Lombardi, Orbits homoclinic to exponentially small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems. Application to water waves, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 137 (1997), 227-304.  doi: 10.1007/s002050050029.  Google Scholar [13] E. Lombardi, Homoclinic orbits to small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 126 (1996), 1035-1054.  doi: 10.1017/S0308210500023246.  Google Scholar [14] D. Y. Hsieh, S. Tang and X. Wang, On hydrodynamic instabilities, chaos and phase transition, Acta Mech. Sinica, 12 (1996), 1-14.   Google Scholar [15] D. Y. Hsieh, Elemental mechanisms of hydrodynamic instabilities, Acta Mech. Sinica, 10 (1994), 193-202.  doi: 10.1007/BF02487607.  Google Scholar [16] H. Kielhöfer, Bifurcation Theory: An Introduction With Applications to PDEs, Springer, New York, 2003. Google Scholar [17] Y. Kuramoto, Diffusion-induced chaos in reaction systems, Supp. Prog. Theoret. Phys., 64 (1978), 346-367.  doi: 10.1143/PTPS.64.346.  Google Scholar [18] R. E. La Quey, P. H. Rutherford and W. M. Tang, Nonlinear saturation of the trapped-ton mode, Phys. Rev. Lett., 34 (1975), 391-394.   Google Scholar [19] J. Lega, J. V. Moloney and A. C. Newell, Swift-Hohenberg equation for lasers, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73 (1994), 2978-2981.  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2978.  Google Scholar [20] A. Mielke and G. Schneider, Attractors for modulation equation on unbounded domains-existence and comparison, Nonlinearity, 8 (1995), 743-768.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/8/5/006.  Google Scholar [21] M. Polat, Global attractor for a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Comput. Math. Appl., 57 (2009), 62-66.  doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2008.09.028.  Google Scholar [22] Q. Ouyang and H. L. Swinney, Onset and beyond turing pattern formation, Chemical Waves and Patterns, 10 (1995), 269-295.  doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-1156-0_8.  Google Scholar [23] S. H. Park and J. Y. Park, Pullback attractor for a non-autonomous modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Comput. Math. Appl., 67 (2014), 542-548.  doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2013.11.011.  Google Scholar [24] Y. X. Shi and S. F. Deng, Existence of generalized homoclinic solutions of a coupled KdV-type Boussinesq system under a small perturbation, J. Apple. Anal. Comput., 7 (2017), 392-410.   Google Scholar [25] T. Shlang and G. L. Sivashinsky, Irregular flow of a liquid film down a vertical column, J. Phys. France, 43 (1982), 459-466.   Google Scholar [26] G. I. Siivashinsky, Nonlinear analysis of hydrodynamic instability in laminar flames. I. Derivation of basic equations, Acta Astron., 4 (1977), 1177-1206.  doi: 10.1016/0094-5765(77)90096-0.  Google Scholar [27] L. Y. Song, Y. D. Zhang and T. Ma, Global attractor of a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation in $H^k$ spaces, Non. Anal., 72 (2010), 183-191.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.06.103.  Google Scholar [28] A. M. Soward, Bifurcation and stability of finite amplitude convection in a rotating layer, Phys. D., 14 (1985), 227-241.  doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(85)90181-2.  Google Scholar [29] J. Swift and P. C. Hohenberg, Hydrodynamics fluctuations at the convective instability, Phys. Rev. A, 15 (1977), 319-328.  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.15.319.  Google Scholar [30] W. Walter, Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen. Eine Einführung, Heidelberger Taschenbücher, Band 110. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1972.  Google Scholar [31] Q. K. Xiao and H. J. Gao, Bifurcation analysis of a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 11 (2010), 4451-4464.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.05.028.  Google Scholar [32] L. Xu and Q. Z. Ma, Existence of the uniform attractors for a non-autonomous modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Adv. in Difference Equations, 2015 (2015), 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s13662-015-0492-9.  Google Scholar [33] W. B. Zhang and J. Viñals, Pattern formation in weakly damped parametric surface waves, J. Fluid Mech., 336 (1997), 301-330.  doi: 10.1017/S0022112096004764.  Google Scholar [34] X. P. Zhao, B. Liu, P. Zhang, W. Y. Zhang and F. N. Liu, Fourier spectral method for the modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Adv. Difference Equ., 2013 (2013), 19 pp. doi: 10.1186/1687-1847-2013-156.  Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] E. Bodenschatz, W. Pesch and G. Ahlers, Recent developments in Rayleigh-Bénard convection, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, CA, 32 (2000), 709-778.  doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.709.  Google Scholar [2] F. H. Busse, Non-linear properties of thermal convection, Rep. Progr. Phys., 41 (1978), 1929-1967.  doi: 10.1088/0034-4885/41/12/003.  Google Scholar [3] S. F. Deng, B. L. Guo and X. P. Li, Notes on homoclinic solutions of the steady Swift-Hohenberg equation, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 34 (2013), 917-920.  doi: 10.1007/s11401-013-0801-0.  Google Scholar [4] S. F. Deng, Periodic solutions and homoclinic solutions for a Swift-Hohenberg equation with dispersion, Discrete Contin. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S, 9 (2016), 1647-1662.  doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2016068.  Google Scholar [5] S. F. Deng and B. L. Guo, Generalized homoclinic solutions of a coupled Schrödinger system under a small perturbation, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 24 (2012), 761-776.  doi: 10.1007/s10884-012-9274-1.  Google Scholar [6] S. F. Deng and X. P. Li, Generalized homoclinic solutions for the Swift-Hohenberg equation, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 390 (2012), 15-26.  doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2011.11.074.  Google Scholar [7] S. F. Deng and S.-M. Sun, Three-dimensional gravity-capillary waves on water-small surface tension case, Phys. D, 238 (2009), 1735-1751.  doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2009.05.012.  Google Scholar [8] S. F. Deng and S.-M. Sun, Exact theory of three-dimensional water waves at the critical speed, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 2721-2761.  doi: 10.1137/09077922X.  Google Scholar [9] S. F. Deng, B. L. Guo and T. C. Wang, Existence of generalized heteroclinic solutions of the coupled Schrödinger system under a small perturbation, Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B, 35 (2014), 857-872.  doi: 10.1007/s11401-014-0867-3.  Google Scholar [10] A. Doelman, B. Standstede, A. Scheel and G. Schneider, Propagation of hexagonal patterns near onset, Eur. J. Appl. Math., 14 (2003), 85-110.  doi: 10.1017/S095679250200503X.  Google Scholar [11] E. Lombardi, Oscillatory Integrals and Phenomena Beyond all Algebraic Orders. With Applications to Homoclinic Orbits in Reversible Systems, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1741. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2000. doi: 10.1007/BFb0104102.  Google Scholar [12] E. Lombardi, Orbits homoclinic to exponentially small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems. Application to water waves, Arch. Rational Mech. Anal., 137 (1997), 227-304.  doi: 10.1007/s002050050029.  Google Scholar [13] E. Lombardi, Homoclinic orbits to small periodic orbits for a class of reversible systems, Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh Sect. A, 126 (1996), 1035-1054.  doi: 10.1017/S0308210500023246.  Google Scholar [14] D. Y. Hsieh, S. Tang and X. Wang, On hydrodynamic instabilities, chaos and phase transition, Acta Mech. Sinica, 12 (1996), 1-14.   Google Scholar [15] D. Y. Hsieh, Elemental mechanisms of hydrodynamic instabilities, Acta Mech. Sinica, 10 (1994), 193-202.  doi: 10.1007/BF02487607.  Google Scholar [16] H. Kielhöfer, Bifurcation Theory: An Introduction With Applications to PDEs, Springer, New York, 2003. Google Scholar [17] Y. Kuramoto, Diffusion-induced chaos in reaction systems, Supp. Prog. Theoret. Phys., 64 (1978), 346-367.  doi: 10.1143/PTPS.64.346.  Google Scholar [18] R. E. La Quey, P. H. Rutherford and W. M. Tang, Nonlinear saturation of the trapped-ton mode, Phys. Rev. Lett., 34 (1975), 391-394.   Google Scholar [19] J. Lega, J. V. Moloney and A. C. Newell, Swift-Hohenberg equation for lasers, Phys. Rev. Lett., 73 (1994), 2978-2981.  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.73.2978.  Google Scholar [20] A. Mielke and G. Schneider, Attractors for modulation equation on unbounded domains-existence and comparison, Nonlinearity, 8 (1995), 743-768.  doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/8/5/006.  Google Scholar [21] M. Polat, Global attractor for a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Comput. Math. Appl., 57 (2009), 62-66.  doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2008.09.028.  Google Scholar [22] Q. Ouyang and H. L. Swinney, Onset and beyond turing pattern formation, Chemical Waves and Patterns, 10 (1995), 269-295.  doi: 10.1007/978-94-011-1156-0_8.  Google Scholar [23] S. H. Park and J. Y. Park, Pullback attractor for a non-autonomous modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Comput. Math. Appl., 67 (2014), 542-548.  doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2013.11.011.  Google Scholar [24] Y. X. Shi and S. F. Deng, Existence of generalized homoclinic solutions of a coupled KdV-type Boussinesq system under a small perturbation, J. Apple. Anal. Comput., 7 (2017), 392-410.   Google Scholar [25] T. Shlang and G. L. Sivashinsky, Irregular flow of a liquid film down a vertical column, J. Phys. France, 43 (1982), 459-466.   Google Scholar [26] G. I. Siivashinsky, Nonlinear analysis of hydrodynamic instability in laminar flames. I. Derivation of basic equations, Acta Astron., 4 (1977), 1177-1206.  doi: 10.1016/0094-5765(77)90096-0.  Google Scholar [27] L. Y. Song, Y. D. Zhang and T. Ma, Global attractor of a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation in $H^k$ spaces, Non. Anal., 72 (2010), 183-191.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.06.103.  Google Scholar [28] A. M. Soward, Bifurcation and stability of finite amplitude convection in a rotating layer, Phys. D., 14 (1985), 227-241.  doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(85)90181-2.  Google Scholar [29] J. Swift and P. C. Hohenberg, Hydrodynamics fluctuations at the convective instability, Phys. Rev. A, 15 (1977), 319-328.  doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.15.319.  Google Scholar [30] W. Walter, Gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen. Eine Einführung, Heidelberger Taschenbücher, Band 110. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-New York, 1972.  Google Scholar [31] Q. K. Xiao and H. J. Gao, Bifurcation analysis of a modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Nonlinear Anal. Real World Appl., 11 (2010), 4451-4464.  doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2010.05.028.  Google Scholar [32] L. Xu and Q. Z. Ma, Existence of the uniform attractors for a non-autonomous modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Adv. in Difference Equations, 2015 (2015), 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s13662-015-0492-9.  Google Scholar [33] W. B. Zhang and J. Viñals, Pattern formation in weakly damped parametric surface waves, J. Fluid Mech., 336 (1997), 301-330.  doi: 10.1017/S0022112096004764.  Google Scholar [34] X. P. Zhao, B. Liu, P. Zhang, W. Y. Zhang and F. N. Liu, Fourier spectral method for the modified Swift-Hohenberg equation, Adv. Difference Equ., 2013 (2013), 19 pp. doi: 10.1186/1687-1847-2013-156.  Google Scholar
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