# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

March  2021, 14(3): 1063-1078. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020230

## Theoretical and numerical studies for energy estimates of the shallow water equations with a transmission boundary condition

 1 Division of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan 2 Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh 3 Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan

* Corresponding author: Md. Masum Murshed

Received  January 2019 Revised  June 2019 Published  December 2019

Energy estimates of the shallow water equations (SWEs) with a transmission boundary condition are studied theoretically and numerically. In the theoretical part, using a suitable energy, we begin with deriving an equality which implies an energy estimate of the SWEs with the Dirichlet and the slip boundary conditions. For the SWEs with a transmission boundary condition, an inequality for the energy estimate is proved under some assumptions to be satisfied in practical computation. In the numerical part, based on the theoretical results, the energy estimate of the SWEs with a transmission boundary condition is confirmed numerically by a finite difference method (FDM). The choice of a positive constant $c_0$ used in the transmission boundary condition is investigated additionally. Furthermore, we present numerical results by a Lagrange-Galerkin scheme, which are similar to those by the FDM. The theoretical results along with the numerical results strongly recommend that the transmission boundary condition is suitable for the boundaries in the open sea.

Citation: Md. Masum Murshed, Kouta Futai, Masato Kimura, Hirofumi Notsu. Theoretical and numerical studies for energy estimates of the shallow water equations with a transmission boundary condition. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021, 14 (3) : 1063-1078. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020230
##### References:

show all references

##### References:
The Bay of Bengal and the coastal region of Bangladesh
Model domain
Color contours of $\eta_h^k$ by finite difference scheme (25) for the five cases $(i)$-$(v)$ discussed in Subsection 4.2
Graphs of $E_h^k$ (left), $\sum_{i = 1}^4 I_{hi}^k \approx \frac{d}{dt} E(t)$ (center) and $I_{hi}^k$, $i = 1, \ldots, 4$, (right) versus $t = t^k\; (\ge 0, k\in \mathbb{Z})$ for the five cases $(i)$-$(v)$
Color contours of $\eta_h^k$ by Lagrange-Galerkin scheme (26) for the five cases $(i)$-$(v)$ discussed in Section 5
Maximum and minimum values of $I_{hi}^k$, $i = 1,\ldots, 4$, with respect to the number of transmission boundaries
 $\varGamma_T$ $\varGamma_D$ $I_{h1}$ $I_{h2}$ $I_{h3}$ $I_{h4}$ 0 4 Max 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Min 0.00 0.00 0.00 $-8.63 \times 10^{-7}$ 1 3 Max $1.10 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $1.44 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-2.59 \times 10^{-3}$ $-3.37$ $-1.25\times 10^{-9}$ $-3.76\times 10^{-7}$ 2 2 Max $1.86 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $1.72 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-3.38 \times 10^{-3}$ -6.27 $-2.50 \times 10^{-9}$ $-2.31 \times 10^{-7}$ 3 1 Max $1.43 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $2.58 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-5.06 \times 10^{-3}$ $-9.40$ $-3.75 \times 10^{-9}$ $-1.74 \times 10^{-7}$ 4 0 Max $2.87 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $3.47 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-6.75 \times 10^{-3}$ $-12.54$ $-5.01 \times 10^{-9}$ $-1.14 \times 10^{-7}$
 $\varGamma_T$ $\varGamma_D$ $I_{h1}$ $I_{h2}$ $I_{h3}$ $I_{h4}$ 0 4 Max 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Min 0.00 0.00 0.00 $-8.63 \times 10^{-7}$ 1 3 Max $1.10 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $1.44 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-2.59 \times 10^{-3}$ $-3.37$ $-1.25\times 10^{-9}$ $-3.76\times 10^{-7}$ 2 2 Max $1.86 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $1.72 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-3.38 \times 10^{-3}$ -6.27 $-2.50 \times 10^{-9}$ $-2.31 \times 10^{-7}$ 3 1 Max $1.43 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $2.58 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-5.06 \times 10^{-3}$ $-9.40$ $-3.75 \times 10^{-9}$ $-1.74 \times 10^{-7}$ 4 0 Max $2.87 \times 10^{-4}$ 0.00 $3.47 \times 10^{-9}$ 0.00 Min $-6.75 \times 10^{-3}$ $-12.54$ $-5.01 \times 10^{-9}$ $-1.14 \times 10^{-7}$
$c_0$ and $\mathcal{S}_h(c_0)$
 $c_0$ $\mathcal{S}_h(c_0)$ Case Ⅰ Case Ⅱ Case Ⅲ Case Ⅳ Case Ⅴ Case Ⅵ 0.1 12.17 8.53 8.14 5.47 44.48 44.49 0.2 9.89 6.97 6.35 4.04 34.36 34.37 0.3 8.84 6.24 5.52 3.35 28.74 28.75 0.4 8.27 5.85 5.08 2.98 25.23 25.24 0.5 7.93 5.61 4.84 2.79 22.82 22.83 0.6 7.71 5.46 4.71 2.69 21.05 21.06 0.7 7.58 5.37 4.65 2.66 19.69 19.69 0.8 7.51 5.32 4.63 2.67 18.60 18.61 0.9 7.4805 5.2969 4.64 2.70 17.71 17.72 1.0 7.4807 5.2977 4.68 2.76 16.98 16.98 1.1 7.50 5.32 4.73 2.82 16.36 16.36 1.2 7.55 5.35 4.79 2.89 15.83 15.84 1.5 7.75 5.49 5.02 3.12 14.66 14.66
 $c_0$ $\mathcal{S}_h(c_0)$ Case Ⅰ Case Ⅱ Case Ⅲ Case Ⅳ Case Ⅴ Case Ⅵ 0.1 12.17 8.53 8.14 5.47 44.48 44.49 0.2 9.89 6.97 6.35 4.04 34.36 34.37 0.3 8.84 6.24 5.52 3.35 28.74 28.75 0.4 8.27 5.85 5.08 2.98 25.23 25.24 0.5 7.93 5.61 4.84 2.79 22.82 22.83 0.6 7.71 5.46 4.71 2.69 21.05 21.06 0.7 7.58 5.37 4.65 2.66 19.69 19.69 0.8 7.51 5.32 4.63 2.67 18.60 18.61 0.9 7.4805 5.2969 4.64 2.70 17.71 17.72 1.0 7.4807 5.2977 4.68 2.76 16.98 16.98 1.1 7.50 5.32 4.73 2.82 16.36 16.36 1.2 7.55 5.35 4.79 2.89 15.83 15.84 1.5 7.75 5.49 5.02 3.12 14.66 14.66
 [1] Madalina Petcu, Roger Temam. The one dimensional shallow water equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions on the velocity. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2011, 4 (1) : 209-222. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2011.4.209 [2] Abderrazak Chrifi, Mostafa Abounouh, Hassan Al Moatassime. Galerkin method of weakly damped cubic nonlinear Schrödinger with Dirac impurity, and artificial boundary condition in a half-line. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021  doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2021030 [3] Hongsong Feng, Shan Zhao. A multigrid based finite difference method for solving parabolic interface problem. Electronic Research Archive, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/era.2021031 [4] Lunji Song, Wenya Qi, Kaifang Liu, Qingxian Gu. A new over-penalized weak galerkin finite element method. Part Ⅱ: Elliptic interface problems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (5) : 2581-2598. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020196 [5] Marcel Braukhoff, Ansgar Jüngel. Entropy-dissipating finite-difference schemes for nonlinear fourth-order parabolic equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (6) : 3335-3355. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020234 [6] Ying Yang. Global classical solutions to two-dimensional chemotaxis-shallow water system. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (5) : 2625-2643. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020198 [7] Mikhail Dokuchaev, Guanglu Zhou, Song Wang. A modification of Galerkin's method for option pricing. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2021  doi: 10.3934/jimo.2021077 [8] Yueqiang Shang, Qihui Zhang. A subgrid stabilizing postprocessed mixed finite element method for the time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (6) : 3119-3142. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020222 [9] Derrick Jones, Xu Zhang. A conforming-nonconforming mixed immersed finite element method for unsteady Stokes equations with moving interfaces. Electronic Research Archive, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/era.2021032 [10] Murat Uzunca, Ayşe Sarıaydın-Filibelioǧlu. Adaptive discontinuous galerkin finite elements for advective Allen-Cahn equation. Numerical Algebra, Control & Optimization, 2021, 11 (2) : 269-281. doi: 10.3934/naco.2020025 [11] Jihoon Lee, Nguyen Thanh Nguyen. Gromov-Hausdorff stability of reaction diffusion equations with Robin boundary conditions under perturbations of the domain and equation. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2021, 20 (3) : 1263-1296. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2021020 [12] Jinye Shen, Xian-Ming Gu. Two finite difference methods based on an H2N2 interpolation for two-dimensional time fractional mixed diffusion and diffusion-wave equations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021  doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021086 [13] Emanuela R. S. Coelho, Valéria N. Domingos Cavalcanti, Vinicius A. Peralta. Exponential stability for a transmission problem of a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2021055 [14] Yizhuo Wang, Shangjiang Guo. A SIS reaction-diffusion model with a free boundary condition and nonhomogeneous coefficients. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (4) : 1627-1652. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018223 [15] Mirela Kohr, Sergey E. Mikhailov, Wolfgang L. Wendland. Dirichlet and transmission problems for anisotropic stokes and Navier-Stokes systems with L∞ tensor coefficient under relaxed ellipticity condition. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2021  doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021042 [16] Xiaozhong Yang, Xinlong Liu. Numerical analysis of two new finite difference methods for time-fractional telegraph equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (7) : 3921-3942. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020269 [17] Kaifang Liu, Lunji Song, Shan Zhao. A new over-penalized weak galerkin method. Part Ⅰ: Second-order elliptic problems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (5) : 2411-2428. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020184 [18] Nouressadat Touafek, Durhasan Turgut Tollu, Youssouf Akrour. On a general homogeneous three-dimensional system of difference equations. Electronic Research Archive, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/era.2021017 [19] Amira Khelifa, Yacine Halim. Global behavior of P-dimensional difference equations system. Electronic Research Archive, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/era.2021029 [20] Guangying Lv, Jinlong Wei, Guang-an Zou. Noise and stability in reaction-diffusion equations. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, 2021  doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2021005

2019 Impact Factor: 1.233