Limit cycles of continuous piecewise differential systems separated by a parabola and formed by a linear center and a quadratic center

Jaume Llibre

doi:10.3934/dcdss.2022034

Article Contents

2023, Volume 16, Issue 3&4: 533-547. Doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2022034

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Limit cycles of continuous piecewise differential systems separated by a parabola and formed by a linear center and a quadratic center

Jaume Llibre^,

Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

^*Corresponding author: Jaume Llibre
^*Corresponding author: Jaume Llibre

This paper is dedicated to my good friend Professor Jibin Li for his 80th birthday

Received: December 2021

Revised: January 2022

Early access: February 21, 2022

Published online: February 21, 2022

The author is partially supported by the Agencia Estatal de Investigación grant PID2019-104658GB-I00 (FEDER), and the H2020 European Research Council grant MSCA-RISE-2017-777911.

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Abstract

Due to their applications to many physical phenomena during these last decades the interest for studying the continuous or discontinuous piecewise differential systems has increased strongly. The limit cycles play a main role in the study of any planar differential system. Up to now the major part of papers which study the limit cycles of the planar piecewise differential systems have considered systems formed by two pieces separated by one straight line.

Here we consider planar continuous piecewise differential systems separated by a parabola.

We prove that the planar continuous piecewise differential systems separated by a parabola and formed by a linear center and a quadratic center have at most one limit cycle. Moreover there are systems in this class exhibiting one limit cycle. So in particular we have solved the extension of the 16th Hilbert problem to this class of differential systems.

Keywords:

Continuous piecewise differential system,
limit cycle,
linear center,
quadratic center.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 34C05, 34C07, 37G15.

Citation:

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Figure 1. The limit cycle of the planar continuous piecewise differential system separated by the parabola $ y = x^2 $ and formed by the linear center (26) and the quadratic center (27). This limit cycle is traveled in counterclockwise.

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Figure 2. The graphic of the function $ f(x_2) $. The horitzontal straigh line is the $ x_2 $-axis.

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Figure 3. The graphic of the function $ g(x_2) $. The horitzontal straigh line is the $ x_2 $-axis. In the case $ A<0 $, $ 2 $ real roots eventually the minimum can be positive.

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