# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

June  2015, 4(2): 233-240. doi: 10.3934/eect.2015.4.233

## Relating systems properties of the wave and the Schrödinger equation

 1 Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands 2 FEMTO-ST AS2M, Université de Franche Comté/CNRS/ENSMM/UTBM, 24 rue Alain Savary, 25000 Besançon, France, France

Received  May 2014 Revised  September 2014 Published  May 2015

In this article we show that systems properties of the systems governed by the second order differential equation $\frac{d^{2}w}{dt^{2}}=-A_{0}w$ and the first order differential equation $\frac{dz}{dt}=iA_{0}z$ are related. This can be used to show that, for instance, exact observability of the $N$-dimensional wave equation implies the similar property for the $N$-dimensional Schrödinger equation.
Citation: Hans Zwart, Yann Le Gorrec, Bernhard Maschke. Relating systems properties of the wave and the Schrödinger equation. Evolution Equations and Control Theory, 2015, 4 (2) : 233-240. doi: 10.3934/eect.2015.4.233
##### References:
 [1] R. F. Curtain and H. J. Zwart, An Introduction to Infinite-Dimensional Linear Systems Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4224-6. [2] V. Duindam, A. Macchelli, S. Stramigioli and H. Bruyninckx, Modelling and Control of Complex Physical Systems - The Port-Hamiltonian Approach, Springer-Verlag, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-03196-0. [3] K.-J. Engel and R. Nagel, One-Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000. [4] V. Girault and P.-A. Raviart, Finite Element Approximation of the Navier-Stokes Equations, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 749, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979. [5] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2005. [6] B. Jacob and H. Zwart, Linear port-Hamiltonian Systems on Infinite-Dimensional Spaces, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 223, Birkhäuser/Springer Basel AG, Basel, 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0399-1. [7] L. Miller, Controllability cost of conservative systems: Resolvent condition and transmutation, Journal of Functional Analysis, 218 (2005), 425-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2004.02.001. [8] M. Tucsnak and G. Weiss, Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8994-9. [9] A. J. van der Schaft and B. M. Maschke, Hamiltonian formulation of distributed-parameter systems with boundary energy flow, J. of Geometry and Physics, 42 (2002), 166-194. doi: 10.1016/S0393-0440(01)00083-3. [10] H. Zwart, Sufficient conditions for admissibility, Systems & Control Lett., 54 (2005), 973-979. doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2005.02.009.

show all references

##### References:
 [1] R. F. Curtain and H. J. Zwart, An Introduction to Infinite-Dimensional Linear Systems Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1995. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4224-6. [2] V. Duindam, A. Macchelli, S. Stramigioli and H. Bruyninckx, Modelling and Control of Complex Physical Systems - The Port-Hamiltonian Approach, Springer-Verlag, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-03196-0. [3] K.-J. Engel and R. Nagel, One-Parameter Semigroups for Linear Evolution Equations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000. [4] V. Girault and P.-A. Raviart, Finite Element Approximation of the Navier-Stokes Equations, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 749, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1979. [5] D. J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Pearson, Prentice Hall, 2005. [6] B. Jacob and H. Zwart, Linear port-Hamiltonian Systems on Infinite-Dimensional Spaces, Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, 223, Birkhäuser/Springer Basel AG, Basel, 2012. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0399-1. [7] L. Miller, Controllability cost of conservative systems: Resolvent condition and transmutation, Journal of Functional Analysis, 218 (2005), 425-444. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2004.02.001. [8] M. Tucsnak and G. Weiss, Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups, Birkhäuser, Basel, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8994-9. [9] A. J. van der Schaft and B. M. Maschke, Hamiltonian formulation of distributed-parameter systems with boundary energy flow, J. of Geometry and Physics, 42 (2002), 166-194. doi: 10.1016/S0393-0440(01)00083-3. [10] H. Zwart, Sufficient conditions for admissibility, Systems & Control Lett., 54 (2005), 973-979. doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2005.02.009.
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