Cloaking for a quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equation

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April 2018, 12(2): 461-491. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2018020

Cloaking for a quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equation

1.	Jockey Club Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
2.	Department of Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-4350, USA

Received June 2017 Revised September 2017 Published February 2018

In this article we consider cloaking for a quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equation of divergence type defined on a bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ for $N = 2, 3$. We show that a perfect cloak can be obtained via a singular change of variables scheme and an approximate cloak can be achieved via a regular change of variables scheme. These approximate cloaks, though non-degenerate, are anisotropic. We also show, within the framework of homogenization, that it is possible to get isotropic regular approximate cloaks. This work generalizes to quasi-linear settings previous work on cloaking in the context of Electrical Impedance Tomography for the conductivity equation.

Keywords: Quasilinear elliptic, homogenization, cloaking, inverse problems.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35R30; Secondary: 35J62.

Citation: Tuhin Ghosh, Karthik Iyer. Cloaking for a quasi-linear elliptic partial differential equation. Inverse Problems & Imaging, 2018, 12 (2) : 461-491. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2018020

References:

[1]	G. Allaire, Shape Optimization by the Homogenization Method, vol. 146 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002.
[2]	H. Ammari, H. Kang, H. Lee and M. Lim, Enhancement of near cloaking using generalized polarization tensors vanishing structures. part Ⅰ: The conductivity problem, Communications in Mathematical Physics, 317 (2013), 253-266. doi: 10.1007/s00220-012-1615-8.
[3]	K. Astala and L. Päivärinta, Calderón's inverse conductivity problem in the plane, Ann. of Math. (2), 163 (2006), 265-299. doi: 10.4007/annals.2006.163.265.
[4]	K. Astala, L. Päivärinta and M. Lassas, Calderón's inverse problem for anisotropic conductivity in the plane, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 30 (2005), 207-224. doi: 10.1081/PDE-200044485.
[5]	J. Bear and Y. Bachmat, Introduction to Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, 1991.
[6]	A. Bensoussan, J. -L. Lions and G. Papanicolaou, Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures, vol. 5 of Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-New York, 1978.
[7]	L. Boccardo and F. Murat, Remarques sur l'homogénéisation de certains problémes quasi-linéaires, Portugal. Math., 41 (1982), 535-562 (1984).
[8]	R. M. Brown and G. A. Uhlmann, Uniqueness in the inverse conductivity problem for nonsmooth conductivities in two dimensions, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 22 (1997), 1009-1027. doi: 10.1080/03605309708821292.
[9]	A. -P. Calderón, On an inverse boundary value problem, in Seminar on Numerical Analysis and its Applications to Continuum Physics (Rio de Janeiro, 1980), Soc. Brasil. Mat., Rio de Janeiro, 1980, 65-73.
[10]	P. Caro and K. M. Rogers, Global uniqueness for the Calderón problem with Lipschitz conductivities Forum Math. Pi, 4 (2016), e2, 28pp. doi: 10.1017/fmp.2015.9.
[11]	M. Chipot, Elliptic Equations: An Introductory Course, Birkhäuser Advanced Texts: Basler Lehrbücher. [Birkhäuser Advanced Texts: Basel Textbooks], Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-9982-5.
[12]	D. Cioranescu and P. Donato, An Introduction to Homogenization, vol. 17 of Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and its Applications, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.
[13]	Y. Deng, H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, Full and partial cloaking in electromagnetic scattering, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 223 (2017), 265-299. doi: 10.1007/s00205-016-1035-6.
[14]	Y. Deng, H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, On regularized full-and partial-cloaks in acoustic scattering, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 42 (2017), 821-851. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2017.1286673.
[15]	R. Fleury, F. Monticone and A. Alú, Invisibility and cloaking: Origins, present, and future perspectives, Phys. Rev. Applied, 4 (2015), 037001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.037001.
[16]	N. Fusco and G. Moscariello, On the homogenization of quasilinear divergence structure operators, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4), 146 (1987), 1-13. doi: 10.1007/BF01762357.
[17]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001, Reprint of the 1998 edition.
[18]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Improvement of cylindrical cloaking with the shs lining, Opt. Express, 15 (2007), 12717-12734.
[19]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Full-wave invisibility of active devices at all frequencies, Comm. Math. Phys., 275 (2007), 749-789. doi: 10.1007/s00220-007-0311-6.
[20]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Electromagnetic wormholes via handlebody constructions, Comm. Math. Phys., 281 (2008), 369-385. doi: 10.1007/s00220-008-0492-7.
[21]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Isotropic transformation optics: Approximate acoustic and quantum cloaking, New Journal of Physics, 10 (2008), 115024.
[22]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Cloaking devices, electromagnetic wormholes, and transformation optics, SIAM Rev., 51 (2009), 3-33. doi: 10.1137/080716827.
[23]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Invisibility and inverse problems, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 46 (2009), 55-97. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-08-01232-9.
[24]	A. Greenleaf, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Anisotropic conductivities that cannot be detected by eit, Physiological measurement, 24. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/353.
[25]	A. Greenleaf, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, On nonuniqueness for Calderón's inverse problem, Math. Res. Lett., 10 (2003), 685-693. doi: 10.4310/MRL.2003.v10.n5.a11.
[26]	B. Haberman, Uniqueness in Calderón's problem for conductivities with unbounded gradient, Comm. Math. Phys., 340 (2015), 639-659. doi: 10.1007/s00220-015-2460-3.
[27]	B. Haberman and D. Tataru, Uniqueness in Calderón's problem with Lipschitz conductivities, Duke Math. J., 162 (2013), 496-516. doi: 10.1215/00127094-2019591.
[28]	G. Hu and H. Liu, Nearly cloaking the elastic wave fields, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9), 104 (2015), 1045-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2015.07.004.
[29]	V. V. Jikov, S. M. Kozlov and O. A. Oleĭnik, Homogenization of Differential Operators and Integral Functionals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, Translated from the Russian by G. A. Yosifian [G. A. Iosifýan]. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-84659-5.
[30]	A. Karageorghis and D. Lesnic, Steady-state nonlinear heat conduction in composite materials using the method of fundamental solutions, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 197 (2008), 3122-3137. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2008.02.011.
[31]	R. V. Kohn, H. Shen, M. S. Vogelius and M. I. Weinstein, Cloaking via change of variables in electric impedance tomography Inverse Problems, 24 (2008), 015016, 21pp. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/24/1/015016.
[32]	O. A. Ladyzhenskaya and N. N. Ural'tseva, Linear and Quasilinear Elliptic Equations, Translated from the Russian by Scripta Technica, Inc. Translation editor: Leon Ehrenpreis, Academic Press, New York-London, 1968.
[33]	J. M. Lee and G. Uhlmann, Determining anisotropic real-analytic conductivities by boundary measurements, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 42 (1989), 1097-1112. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160420804.
[34]	U. Leonhardt, Optical conformal mapping, Science, 312 (2006), 1777-1780. doi: 10.1126/science.1126493.
[35]	J. Li and J. B. Pendry, Hiding under the carpet: A new strategy for cloaking, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008), 203901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.203901.
[36]	Y. -H. Lin, Nearly cloaking for the elasticity system with residual stress, Asymptotic Analysis, 106 (2018), 1-23, arXiv: 1611.05151v2 doi: 10.3233/ASY-171439.
[37]	H. Liu and H. Sun, Enhanced near-cloak by FSH lining, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9), 99 (2013), 17-42. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2012.06.001.
[38]	H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, Regularized transformation-optics cloaking in acoustic and electromagnetic scattering, in Inverse problems and imaging, vol. 44 of Panor. Synth`eses, Soc. Math. France, Paris, 2015,111-136.
[39]	H. Liu and T. Zhou, On approximate electromagnetic cloaking by transformation media, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 71 (2011), 218-241. doi: 10.1137/10081112X.
[40]	J. Malík, On homogenization of a quasilinear elliptic equation connected with heat conductivity, URL http://www2.cs.cas.cz/mweb/download/publi/MaII2006.pdf.
[41]	A. I. Nachman, Global uniqueness for a two-dimensional inverse boundary value problem, Ann. of Math. (2), 143 (1996), 71-96. doi: 10.2307/2118653.
[42]	J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig and D. R. Smith, Controlling electromagnetic fields, Science, 312 (2006), 1780-1782. doi: 10.1126/science.1125907.
[43]	Z. Ruan, M. Yan, C. W. Neff and M. Qiu, Ideal cylindrical cloak: Perfect but sensitive to tiny perturbations, Phys. Rev. Lett., 99 (2007), 113903. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.113903.
[44]	Z. Sun, On a quasilinear inverse boundary value problem, Math. Z., 221 (1996), 293-305. doi: 10.1007/BF02622117.
[45]	Z. Sun and G. Uhlmann, Inverse problems in quasilinear anisotropic media, Amer. J. Math., 119 (1997), 771-797, URL http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_mathematics/v119/119.4sun.pdf. doi: 10.1353/ajm.1997.0027.
[46]	Z. Sun and G. Uhlmann, Anisotropic inverse problems in two dimensions, Inverse Problems, 19 (2003), 1001-1010. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/19/5/301.
[47]	J. Sylvester and G. Uhlmann, A global uniqueness theorem for an inverse boundary value problem, Ann. of Math. (2), 125 (1987), 153-169. doi: 10.2307/1971291.
[48]	L. Tartar, The General Theory of Homogenization, vol. 7 of Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, Springer-Verlag, Berlin; UMI, Bologna, 2009, A personalized introduction. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-05195-1.
[49]	G. Uhlmann, Inverse problems: seeing the unseen, Bull. Math. Sci., 4 (2014), 209-279. doi: 10.1007/s13373-014-0051-9.
[50]	A. Whittington, A. Hofmeister and P. Nabelek, Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of the earths crust and implications for magmatism, Nature, 458 (2009), 319-321.

show all references

References:

[1]	G. Allaire, Shape Optimization by the Homogenization Method, vol. 146 of Applied Mathematical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2002.
[2]	H. Ammari, H. Kang, H. Lee and M. Lim, Enhancement of near cloaking using generalized polarization tensors vanishing structures. part Ⅰ: The conductivity problem, Communications in Mathematical Physics, 317 (2013), 253-266. doi: 10.1007/s00220-012-1615-8.
[3]	K. Astala and L. Päivärinta, Calderón's inverse conductivity problem in the plane, Ann. of Math. (2), 163 (2006), 265-299. doi: 10.4007/annals.2006.163.265.
[4]	K. Astala, L. Päivärinta and M. Lassas, Calderón's inverse problem for anisotropic conductivity in the plane, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 30 (2005), 207-224. doi: 10.1081/PDE-200044485.
[5]	J. Bear and Y. Bachmat, Introduction to Modelling of Transport Phenomena in Porous Media, 1991.
[6]	A. Bensoussan, J. -L. Lions and G. Papanicolaou, Asymptotic Analysis for Periodic Structures, vol. 5 of Studies in Mathematics and its Applications, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam-New York, 1978.
[7]	L. Boccardo and F. Murat, Remarques sur l'homogénéisation de certains problémes quasi-linéaires, Portugal. Math., 41 (1982), 535-562 (1984).
[8]	R. M. Brown and G. A. Uhlmann, Uniqueness in the inverse conductivity problem for nonsmooth conductivities in two dimensions, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 22 (1997), 1009-1027. doi: 10.1080/03605309708821292.
[9]	A. -P. Calderón, On an inverse boundary value problem, in Seminar on Numerical Analysis and its Applications to Continuum Physics (Rio de Janeiro, 1980), Soc. Brasil. Mat., Rio de Janeiro, 1980, 65-73.
[10]	P. Caro and K. M. Rogers, Global uniqueness for the Calderón problem with Lipschitz conductivities Forum Math. Pi, 4 (2016), e2, 28pp. doi: 10.1017/fmp.2015.9.
[11]	M. Chipot, Elliptic Equations: An Introductory Course, Birkhäuser Advanced Texts: Basler Lehrbücher. [Birkhäuser Advanced Texts: Basel Textbooks], Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-9982-5.
[12]	D. Cioranescu and P. Donato, An Introduction to Homogenization, vol. 17 of Oxford Lecture Series in Mathematics and its Applications, The Clarendon Press, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.
[13]	Y. Deng, H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, Full and partial cloaking in electromagnetic scattering, Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 223 (2017), 265-299. doi: 10.1007/s00205-016-1035-6.
[14]	Y. Deng, H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, On regularized full-and partial-cloaks in acoustic scattering, Comm. Partial Differential Equations, 42 (2017), 821-851. doi: 10.1080/03605302.2017.1286673.
[15]	R. Fleury, F. Monticone and A. Alú, Invisibility and cloaking: Origins, present, and future perspectives, Phys. Rev. Applied, 4 (2015), 037001. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevApplied.4.037001.
[16]	N. Fusco and G. Moscariello, On the homogenization of quasilinear divergence structure operators, Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. (4), 146 (1987), 1-13. doi: 10.1007/BF01762357.
[17]	D. Gilbarg and N. S. Trudinger, Elliptic Partial Differential Equations of Second Order, Classics in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2001, Reprint of the 1998 edition.
[18]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Improvement of cylindrical cloaking with the shs lining, Opt. Express, 15 (2007), 12717-12734.
[19]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Full-wave invisibility of active devices at all frequencies, Comm. Math. Phys., 275 (2007), 749-789. doi: 10.1007/s00220-007-0311-6.
[20]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Electromagnetic wormholes via handlebody constructions, Comm. Math. Phys., 281 (2008), 369-385. doi: 10.1007/s00220-008-0492-7.
[21]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Isotropic transformation optics: Approximate acoustic and quantum cloaking, New Journal of Physics, 10 (2008), 115024.
[22]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Cloaking devices, electromagnetic wormholes, and transformation optics, SIAM Rev., 51 (2009), 3-33. doi: 10.1137/080716827.
[23]	A. Greenleaf, Y. Kurylev, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Invisibility and inverse problems, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 46 (2009), 55-97. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-08-01232-9.
[24]	A. Greenleaf, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, Anisotropic conductivities that cannot be detected by eit, Physiological measurement, 24. doi: 10.1088/0967-3334/24/2/353.
[25]	A. Greenleaf, M. Lassas and G. Uhlmann, On nonuniqueness for Calderón's inverse problem, Math. Res. Lett., 10 (2003), 685-693. doi: 10.4310/MRL.2003.v10.n5.a11.
[26]	B. Haberman, Uniqueness in Calderón's problem for conductivities with unbounded gradient, Comm. Math. Phys., 340 (2015), 639-659. doi: 10.1007/s00220-015-2460-3.
[27]	B. Haberman and D. Tataru, Uniqueness in Calderón's problem with Lipschitz conductivities, Duke Math. J., 162 (2013), 496-516. doi: 10.1215/00127094-2019591.
[28]	G. Hu and H. Liu, Nearly cloaking the elastic wave fields, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9), 104 (2015), 1045-1074. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2015.07.004.
[29]	V. V. Jikov, S. M. Kozlov and O. A. Oleĭnik, Homogenization of Differential Operators and Integral Functionals, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994, Translated from the Russian by G. A. Yosifian [G. A. Iosifýan]. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-84659-5.
[30]	A. Karageorghis and D. Lesnic, Steady-state nonlinear heat conduction in composite materials using the method of fundamental solutions, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 197 (2008), 3122-3137. doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2008.02.011.
[31]	R. V. Kohn, H. Shen, M. S. Vogelius and M. I. Weinstein, Cloaking via change of variables in electric impedance tomography Inverse Problems, 24 (2008), 015016, 21pp. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/24/1/015016.
[32]	O. A. Ladyzhenskaya and N. N. Ural'tseva, Linear and Quasilinear Elliptic Equations, Translated from the Russian by Scripta Technica, Inc. Translation editor: Leon Ehrenpreis, Academic Press, New York-London, 1968.
[33]	J. M. Lee and G. Uhlmann, Determining anisotropic real-analytic conductivities by boundary measurements, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 42 (1989), 1097-1112. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160420804.
[34]	U. Leonhardt, Optical conformal mapping, Science, 312 (2006), 1777-1780. doi: 10.1126/science.1126493.
[35]	J. Li and J. B. Pendry, Hiding under the carpet: A new strategy for cloaking, Phys. Rev. Lett., 101 (2008), 203901. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.203901.
[36]	Y. -H. Lin, Nearly cloaking for the elasticity system with residual stress, Asymptotic Analysis, 106 (2018), 1-23, arXiv: 1611.05151v2 doi: 10.3233/ASY-171439.
[37]	H. Liu and H. Sun, Enhanced near-cloak by FSH lining, J. Math. Pures Appl. (9), 99 (2013), 17-42. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2012.06.001.
[38]	H. Liu and G. Uhlmann, Regularized transformation-optics cloaking in acoustic and electromagnetic scattering, in Inverse problems and imaging, vol. 44 of Panor. Synth`eses, Soc. Math. France, Paris, 2015,111-136.
[39]	H. Liu and T. Zhou, On approximate electromagnetic cloaking by transformation media, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 71 (2011), 218-241. doi: 10.1137/10081112X.
[40]	J. Malík, On homogenization of a quasilinear elliptic equation connected with heat conductivity, URL http://www2.cs.cas.cz/mweb/download/publi/MaII2006.pdf.
[41]	A. I. Nachman, Global uniqueness for a two-dimensional inverse boundary value problem, Ann. of Math. (2), 143 (1996), 71-96. doi: 10.2307/2118653.
[42]	J. B. Pendry, D. Schurig and D. R. Smith, Controlling electromagnetic fields, Science, 312 (2006), 1780-1782. doi: 10.1126/science.1125907.
[43]	Z. Ruan, M. Yan, C. W. Neff and M. Qiu, Ideal cylindrical cloak: Perfect but sensitive to tiny perturbations, Phys. Rev. Lett., 99 (2007), 113903. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.113903.
[44]	Z. Sun, On a quasilinear inverse boundary value problem, Math. Z., 221 (1996), 293-305. doi: 10.1007/BF02622117.
[45]	Z. Sun and G. Uhlmann, Inverse problems in quasilinear anisotropic media, Amer. J. Math., 119 (1997), 771-797, URL http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/american_journal_of_mathematics/v119/119.4sun.pdf. doi: 10.1353/ajm.1997.0027.
[46]	Z. Sun and G. Uhlmann, Anisotropic inverse problems in two dimensions, Inverse Problems, 19 (2003), 1001-1010. doi: 10.1088/0266-5611/19/5/301.
[47]	J. Sylvester and G. Uhlmann, A global uniqueness theorem for an inverse boundary value problem, Ann. of Math. (2), 125 (1987), 153-169. doi: 10.2307/1971291.
[48]	L. Tartar, The General Theory of Homogenization, vol. 7 of Lecture Notes of the Unione Matematica Italiana, Springer-Verlag, Berlin; UMI, Bologna, 2009, A personalized introduction. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-05195-1.
[49]	G. Uhlmann, Inverse problems: seeing the unseen, Bull. Math. Sci., 4 (2014), 209-279. doi: 10.1007/s13373-014-0051-9.
[50]	A. Whittington, A. Hofmeister and P. Nabelek, Temperature-dependent thermal diffusivity of the earths crust and implications for magmatism, Nature, 458 (2009), 319-321.

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