# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

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June  2014, 1(2): 233-248. doi: 10.3934/jcd.2014.1.233

## Reconstructing functions from random samples

 1 Department of Mathematics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States 2 Rutgers University, 110 Frelinghusen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States 3 Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States

Received  May 2012 Revised  May 2013 Published  December 2014

From a sufficiently large point sample lying on a compact Riemannian submanifold of Euclidean space, one can construct a simplicial complex which is homotopy-equivalent to that manifold with high confidence. We describe a corresponding result for a Lipschitz-continuous function between two such manifolds. That is, we outline the construction of a simplicial map which recovers the induced maps on homotopy and homology groups with high confidence using only finite sampled data from the domain and range, as well as knowledge of the image of every point sampled from the domain. We provide explicit bounds on the size of the point samples required for such reconstruction in terms of intrinsic properties of the domain, the co-domain and the function. This reconstruction is robust to certain types of bounded sampling and evaluation noise.
Citation: Steve Ferry, Konstantin Mischaikow, Vidit Nanda. Reconstructing functions from random samples. Journal of Computational Dynamics, 2014, 1 (2) : 233-248. doi: 10.3934/jcd.2014.1.233
##### References:
 [1] A. Bjorner, Nerves, fibers and homotopy groups, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 102 (2003), 88-93. doi: 10.1016/S0097-3165(03)00015-3.  Google Scholar [2] K. Borsuk, On the imbedding of systems of compacta in simplicial complexes, Fundamenta Mathematicae, 35 (1948), 217-234.  Google Scholar [3] G. Carlsson, Topology and data, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 46 (2009), 255-308. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-09-01249-X.  Google Scholar [4] J.-G. Dumas, F. Heckenbach, B. D. Saunders and V. Welker, Computing simplicial homology based on efficient Smith normal form algorithms, Proceedings of Algebra, Geometry and Software Systems, (2003), 177-206.  Google Scholar [5] H. Edelsbrunner and J. L. Harer, Computational Topology - an Introduction, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2010.  Google Scholar [6] K. Fischer, B. Gaertner and M. Kutz, Fast-smallest-enclosing-ball computation in high dimensions, Proceedings of the $11^{th}$ Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), 2832 (2003), 630-641. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-39658-1_57.  Google Scholar [7] R. Ghrist, Three examples of applied and computational homology, Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde, 9 (2008), 122-125.  Google Scholar [8] A. Granas and J. Dugundji, Fixed Point Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21593-8.  Google Scholar [9] S. Harker, K. Mischaikow, M. Mrozek and V. Nanda, Discrete Morse theoretic algorithms for computing homology of complexes and maps, Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 14 (2014), 151-184. doi: 10.1007/s10208-013-9145-0.  Google Scholar [10] T. Kaczynski, K. Mischaikow and M. Mrozek, Computational Homology, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2004. doi: 10.1007/b97315.  Google Scholar [11] D. Kozlov, Combinatorial Algebraic Topology, Springer, 2008. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-71962-5.  Google Scholar [12] J. R. Munkres, Elements of Algebraic Topology, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, 1984.  Google Scholar [13] P. Niyogi, S. Smale and S. Weinberger, Finding the homology of submanifolds with high confidence from random samples, Discrete and Computational Geometry, 39 (2008), 419-441. doi: 10.1007/s00454-008-9053-2.  Google Scholar [14] S. Smale, A Vietoris mapping theorem for homotopy, Proceedings of the American mathematical society, 8 (1957), 604-610. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-1957-0087106-9.  Google Scholar [15] E. H. Spanier, Algebraic Topology, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981. Corrected reprint.  Google Scholar

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##### References:
 [1] A. Bjorner, Nerves, fibers and homotopy groups, Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series A, 102 (2003), 88-93. doi: 10.1016/S0097-3165(03)00015-3.  Google Scholar [2] K. Borsuk, On the imbedding of systems of compacta in simplicial complexes, Fundamenta Mathematicae, 35 (1948), 217-234.  Google Scholar [3] G. Carlsson, Topology and data, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 46 (2009), 255-308. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-09-01249-X.  Google Scholar [4] J.-G. Dumas, F. Heckenbach, B. D. Saunders and V. Welker, Computing simplicial homology based on efficient Smith normal form algorithms, Proceedings of Algebra, Geometry and Software Systems, (2003), 177-206.  Google Scholar [5] H. Edelsbrunner and J. L. Harer, Computational Topology - an Introduction, American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2010.  Google Scholar [6] K. Fischer, B. Gaertner and M. Kutz, Fast-smallest-enclosing-ball computation in high dimensions, Proceedings of the $11^{th}$ Annual European Symposium on Algorithms (ESA), 2832 (2003), 630-641. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-39658-1_57.  Google Scholar [7] R. Ghrist, Three examples of applied and computational homology, Nieuw Archief voor Wiskunde, 9 (2008), 122-125.  Google Scholar [8] A. Granas and J. Dugundji, Fixed Point Theory, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2003. doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21593-8.  Google Scholar [9] S. Harker, K. Mischaikow, M. Mrozek and V. Nanda, Discrete Morse theoretic algorithms for computing homology of complexes and maps, Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 14 (2014), 151-184. doi: 10.1007/s10208-013-9145-0.  Google Scholar [10] T. Kaczynski, K. Mischaikow and M. Mrozek, Computational Homology, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2004. doi: 10.1007/b97315.  Google Scholar [11] D. Kozlov, Combinatorial Algebraic Topology, Springer, 2008. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-71962-5.  Google Scholar [12] J. R. Munkres, Elements of Algebraic Topology, Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, 1984.  Google Scholar [13] P. Niyogi, S. Smale and S. Weinberger, Finding the homology of submanifolds with high confidence from random samples, Discrete and Computational Geometry, 39 (2008), 419-441. doi: 10.1007/s00454-008-9053-2.  Google Scholar [14] S. Smale, A Vietoris mapping theorem for homotopy, Proceedings of the American mathematical society, 8 (1957), 604-610. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9939-1957-0087106-9.  Google Scholar [15] E. H. Spanier, Algebraic Topology, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1981. Corrected reprint.  Google Scholar
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