Analysis of communities of countries with similar dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic evolution

Emiliano Alvarez; Juan Gabriel Brida; Lucía Rosich; Erick Limas

doi:10.3934/jdg.2021026

Article Contents

2022, Volume 9, Issue 1: 75-96. Doi: 10.3934/jdg.2021026

This issue Previous Article Explaining the definition of wholesale access prices in the Portuguese telecommunications industry Next Article Crisis risk prediction with concavity from Polymodel

Analysis of communities of countries with similar dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic evolution

1.
Research Group in Economic Dynamics, Faculty of Economics and Administration, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
2.
Institute for Latin American Studies and School of Business & Economics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany

^* Corresponding author: Juan Gabriel Brida
^* Corresponding author: Juan Gabriel Brida

Received: January 2021

Revised: July 2021

Early access: October 2021

Published: January 2022

Abstract / Introduction Full Text(HTML) Figure(6) / Table(7) Related Papers Cited by

Abstract

This work addresses the spread of the coronavirus through a non-parametric approach, with the aim of identifying communities of countries based on how similar their evolution of the disease is. The analysis focuses on the number of daily new COVID-19 cases per ten thousand people during a period covering at least 250 days after the confirmation of the tenth case. Dynamic analysis is performed by constructing Minimal Spanning Trees (MST) and identifying groups of similarity in contagions evolution in 95 time windows of a 150-day amplitude that moves one day at a time. The intensity measure considered was the number of times countries belonged to a similar performance group in constructed time windows. Groups' composition is not stable, indicating that the COVID-19 evolution needs to be treated as a dynamic problem in the context of complex systems. Three communities were identified by applying the Louvain algorithm. Identified communities analysis according to each country's socioeconomic characteristics and variables related to the disease sheds light on whether there is any suggested course of action. Even when strong testing and tracing cases policies may be related with a more stable dynamic of the disease, results indicate that communities are conformed by countries with diverse characteristics. The best option to counteract the harmful effects of a pandemic may be having strong health systems in place, with contingent capacity to deal with unforeseen events and available resources capable of a rapid expansion of its capacity.

Keywords:

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 62H30, 91C20.

Citation:

Full Text(HTML)

Figure 1. Number of identified groups and MST total distance in each time window. Source: own construction based on OWID data

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Figure 2. Number of identified groups and MST average path in each time window. Source: own construction based on OWID data

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Figure 3. Number of times two countries where in the same group per time window. Source: own construction based on OWID data

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Figure 4. Intensity of similarity in the disease evolution network. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Appendix B presents countries corresponding to each number

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Figure 5. Rolling 7-day average of daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people by country and community. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Black central lines correspond to group median; high and low black lines represent the upper and lower quartiles respectively

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Figure 6. Communities map. Source: own construction based on OWID data

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Table 1. Communities' demographic and socioeconomic data. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Note: Difference between sum of countries frequency and total countries per group at each variable are due to lack of data. *Measure in constant 2011 international dollars, most recent year available

		C 1	C 2	C 3
Average population density		326	182	96
Number of countries per	1	14	15	1
quartile of population	2	10	16	5
density	3	13	16	2
	4	19	11	1
Median age		33	35	29
Number of countries per	1	16	11	3
quartile of median age	2	13	14	3
	3	10	19	1
	4	14	15	1
Average GDP per capita*		20545	26327	11196
Number of countries per	1	16	9	4
quartile of GDP per capita	2	15	13	2
	3	12	16	3
	4	11	19	0
Average life expectancy		75	76	72
Number of countries per	1	14	12	5
quartile of life expectancy	2	15	15	1
	3	14	14	3
	4	13	18	0
Av. Human Development Index		32.7	34.6	29.5
Number of countries per	1	17	11	3
quartile of Human	2	16	12	2
Development Index	3	9	18	3
	4	14	17	0

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Table 2. Communities geographic data. Source: own construction based on OWID data

Communities		No. of countries by continent
	Countries	Africa	Asia	Europe	North America	Oceania	South America	Islands
1	56	11	17	14	8	1	5	9
2	59	7	18	24	5	1	4	10
3	9	3	2	3	1	0	0	0
Total	124	21	37	41	14	2	9	19

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Table 3. Countries actions in relation to COVID – 19. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Note: Difference between sum of countries frequency and total countries per group at each variable are due to lack of data.
Testing policy codebook: 0 – No testing policy, 1-Only those who both (a) have symptoms and also (b) meet specific criteria (e.g. key workers, admitted to hospital, came into contact with a known case, returned from overseas), 2-Testing of anyone showing COVID-19 symptoms, 3-Open public testing (e.g. "drive through" testing available to asymptomatic people). *Any country of the sample had category 0 as predominant testing policy. Tracing policy codebook: 0 – No tracing, 1 -Some, but not all, cases are traced, 2 – All cases are traced

		C 1	C 2	C 3
Average Max. Government Response Index		77	76	75
Number of countries per quartile	1	10	16	3
of Max. Government Response Index	2	18	8	2
	3	15	13	1
	4	10	17	2
Average Max. Containment Health Index		80	79	77
Number of countries per quartile	1	10	16	3
of Max. Containment Health Index	2	14	8	2
	3	18	14	1
	4	11	16	2
Average Max. Economic Support Index		65	68	70
Number of countries per quartile	1	7	8	1
of Max. Economic Support Index	2	20	16	2
	3	15	14	3
	4	11	16	2
Predominant testing policy*		2	2	1
Number of countries per	1	14	14	5
predominant testing policy	2	25	23	3
	3	15	18	0
Predominant contact tracing policy		2	2	1
Number of countries per predominant	0	4	3	0
contact tracing policy	1	19	11	6
	2	31	41	2

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Table 4. Healthcare system and deaths per million. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Note: The difference between the sum of the countries frequency and total countries per group at each variable are due to lack of data

		C 1	C 2	C 3
Average Healthcare access		68	72	61
and quality index
Number of countries per	1	15	12	3
quartile of Healthcare access	2	18	10	3
and quality index	3	9	19	2
	4	13	18	0
Average deaths per million		289	285	281
at December 1st
Number of countries per	1	16	9	3
quartile of deaths per million	2	12	17	2
by December 1st	3	10	20	1
	4	16	12	3

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Table 5. Country community changes by allowed group maximum in each time window. Country community changes by allowed group maximum in each time window

	Max. No. of groups per time window
	30	20	10
Belgium	1	1	2
Bolivia	1	3	1
Bangladesh	1	2	2
Andorra	1	3	1
Chile	1	1	2
Morocco	1	1	2
Togo	1	3	3
Australia	2	3	3
South Africa	2	3	3
Montenegro	3	2	3

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Table 6. Countries' data. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Reference: (1) Population density; (2): Median age; (3): GDP per capita; (4): Life expectancy; (5): Human Development Index; (6): Max Government response index

Country	Cluster	Continent	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)
Uruguay	1	South America	19.75	35.60	20551	77.91	0.80	61.31
Azerbaijan	1	Asia	119.31	32.40	15847	73.00	0.76	86.31
Burkina Faso	1	Africa	70.15	17.60	1703	61.58	0.42	72.62
Belgium	1	Europe	375.56	41.80	42659	81.63	0.92	76.79
Bosnia&Herzegovina	1	Europe	68.50	42.50	11714	77.40	0.77	75.00
Bolivia	1	South America	10.20	25.40	6886	71.51	0.69	76.79
Bangladesh	1	Asia	1265.04	27.50	3524	72.59	0.61	82.74
China	1	Asia	147.67	38.70	15309	76.91	0.75	82.14
Switzerland	1	Europe	214.24	43.10	57410	83.78	0.94	61.90
Germany	1	Europe	237.02	46.60	45229	81.33	0.94	72.62
Dominica	1	North America	98.57	-	9673	75.00	0.72	76.79
Dominican Republic	1	North America	222.87	27.60	14601	74.08	0.74	81.55
Andorra	1	Europe	163.76	-	-	83.73	0.86	72.02
Algeria	1	Africa	17.35	29.10	13914	76.88	0.75	78.57
Ghana	1	Africa	126.72	21.10	4228	64.07	0.59	76.79
Spain	1	Europe	93.11	45.50	34272	83.56	0.89	77.98
Greece	1	Europe	83.48	45.30	24574	82.24	0.87	84.52
Guatemala	1	North America	157.83	22.90	7424	74.30	0.65	82.74
India	1	Asia	450.42	28.20	6427	69.66	0.64	95.54
Japan	1	Asia	347.78	48.20	39002	84.63	0.91	51.79
Kyrgyzstan	1	Asia	32.33	26.30	3393	71.45	0.67	-
Canada	1	North America	4.04	41.40	44018	82.43	0.93	72.62
Kenya	1	Africa	87.32	20.00	2993	66.70	0.59	82.14
Armenia	1	Asia	102.93	35.70	8788	75.09	0.76	-
Barbados	1	North America	664.46	39.80	16978	79.19	0.80	77.98
Kazakhstan	1	Asia	6.68	30.60	24056	73.60	0.80	78.57
Slovenia	1	Europe	102.62	44.50	31401	81.32	0.90	83.93
United States	1	North America	35.61	38.30	54225	78.86	0.92	74.40
Liechtenstein	1	Europe	237.01	-	-	82.49	0.92	-
Madagascar	1	Africa	43.95	19.60	1416	67.04	0.52	67.26
Bulgaria	1	Europe	65.18	44.70	18563	75.05	0.81	74.40
Jamaica	1	North America	266.88	31.40	8194	74.47	0.73	74.40
Lebanon	1	Asia	594.56	31.10	13368	78.93	0.76	73.21
Chile	1	South America	24.28	35.40	22767	80.18	0.84	84.82
Mexico	1	North America	66.44	29.30	17336	75.05	0.77	69.05
Morocco	1	Africa	80.08	29.60	7485	76.68	0.67	86.31
Sri Lanka	1	Asia	341.96	34.10	11669	76.98	0.77	79.17
Mongolia	1	Asia	1.98	28.60	11841	69.87	0.74	82.74
Nigeria	1	Africa	209.59	18.10	5338	54.69	0.53	70.83
Colombia	1	South America	44.22	32.20	13255	77.29	0.75	88.10
Netherlands	1	Europe	508.54	43.20	48473	82.28	0.93	66.67
New Zealand	1	Oceania	18.21	37.90	36086	82.29	0.92	82.74
Afghanistan	1	Asia	54.42	18.60	1804	64.83	0.50	65.48
Poland	1	Europe	124.03	41.80	27216	78.73	0.87	73.81
Paraguay	1	South America	17.14	26.50	8827	74.25	0.70	79.76
Palestine	1	Asia	778.20	20.40	4450	74.05	0.69	75.00
Qatar	1	Asia	227.32	31.90	116936	80.23	0.86	82.14
Romania	1	Europe	85.13	43.00	23313	76.05	0.81	80.95
Rwanda	1	Africa	494.87	20.30	1854	69.02	0.52	85.12
Egypt	1	Africa	98.00	25.30	10550	71.99	0.70	80.36
Russia	1	Europe	8.82	39.60	24766	72.58	0.82	77.98
Thailand	1	Asia	135.13	40.10	16278	77.15	0.76	80.06
Togo	1	Africa	143.37	19.40	1430	61.04	0.50	69.05
Vietnam	1	Asia	308.13	32.60	6172	75.40	0.69	83.33
Singapore	1	Asia	7915.73	42.40	85535	83.62	0.93	85.71
Zambia	1	Africa	23.00	17.70	3689	63.89	0.59	63.99
Albania	2	Europe	104.87	38.00	11803	78.57	0.79	75.60
Australia	2	Oceania	3.20	37.90	44649	83.44	0.94	82.14
Austria	2	Europe	106.75	44.40	45437	81.54	0.91	86.90
Brunei	2	Asia	81.35	32.40	71809	75.86	0.85	49.40
Brazil	2	South America	25.04	33.50	14103	75.88	0.76	77.38
Cote d'Ivoire	2	Africa	76.40	18.70	3601	57.78	0.49	68.15
Argentina	2	South America	16.18	31.90	18934	76.67	0.83	89.88
Denmark	2	Europe	136.52	42.30	46683	80.90	0.93	69.05
Belarus	2	Europe	46.86	40.30	17168	74.79	0.81	30.36
Estonia	2	Europe	31.03	42.70	29481	78.74	0.87	65.48
Costa Rica	2	North America	96.08	33.60	15525	80.28	0.79	69.05
Honduras	2	North America	82.81	24.90	4542	75.27	0.62	88.10
Serbia	2	Europe	80.29	41.20	14049	76.00	0.79	79.17
Hungary	2	Europe	108.04	43.40	26778	76.88	0.84	74.11
Ireland	2	Europe	69.87	38.70	67335	82.30	0.94	82.14
Croatia	2	Europe	73.73	44.00	22670	78.49	0.83	86.31
Iceland	2	Europe	3.40	37.30	46483	82.99	0.94	64.29
Italy	2	Europe	205.86	47.90	35220	83.51	0.88	85.42
El Salvador	2	North America	307.81	27.60	7292	73.32	0.67	91.07
Peru	2	South America	25.13	29.10	12237	76.74	0.75	86.31
Slovakia	2	Europe	113.13	41.20	30155	77.54	0.86	-
Cyprus	2	Europe	127.66	37.30	32415	80.98	0.87	89.29
Iran	2	Asia	49.83	32.40	19083	76.68	0.80	63.99
Cambodia	2	Asia	90.67	25.60	3645	69.82	0.58	51.79
Kuwait	2	Asia	232.13	33.70	65531	75.49	0.80	86.90
Portugal	2	Europe	112.37	46.20	27937	82.05	0.85	81.55
United Arab Emirates	2	Asia	112.44	34.00	67293	77.97	0.86	86.31
Djibouti	2	Africa	41.29	25.40	2705	67.11	0.48	82.14
Equatorial Guinea	2	Africa	45.19	22.40	22605	58.74	0.59	-
Israel	2	Asia	402.61	30.60	33132	82.97	0.90	89.88
South Korea	2	Asia	527.97	43.40	35938	83.03	0.90	76.19
Maldives	2	Asia	1454.43	30.60	15184	78.92	0.72	-
Bahrain	2	Asia	1935.91	32.40	43291	77.29	0.85	80.36
United Kingdom	2	Europe	272.90	40.80	39753	81.32	0.92	74.70
Philippines	2	Asia	351.87	25.20	7599	71.23	0.70	85.12
Moldova	2	Europe	123.66	37.60	5190	71.90	0.70	75.00
Macedonia	2	Europe	82.60	39.10	13111	75.80	0.76	-
Finland	2	Europe	18.14	42.80	40586	81.91	0.92	56.55
Malta	2	Europe	1454.04	42.40	36513	82.53	0.88	-
Malaysia	2	Asia	96.25	29.90	26808	76.16	0.80	81.85
Cuba	2	North America	110.41	43.10	0	78.80	0.78	82.14
Mali	2	Africa	15.20	16.40	2014	59.31	0.43	66.67
Oman	2	Asia	14.98	30.70	37961	77.86	0.82	88.69
Saudi Arabia	2	Asia	15.32	31.90	49045	75.13	0.85	87.50
France	2	Europe	122.58	42.00	38606	82.66	0.90	79.17
Iraq	2	Asia	88.13	20.00	15664	70.60	0.69	82.14
Norway	2	Europe	14.46	39.70	64800	82.40	0.95	69.64
Senegal	2	Africa	82.33	18.70	2471	67.94	0.51	70.83
Turkey	2	Asia	104.91	31.60	25129	77.69	0.79	78.87
Trinidad and Tobago	2	North America	266.89	36.20	28763	73.51	0.78	82.74
Georgia	2	Asia	65.03	38.70	9745	73.77	0.78	85.12
Taiwan	2	Asia	0.00	42.20	-	80.46	-	44.64
Ukraine	2	Europe	77.39	41.40	7894	72.06	0.75	79.76
Venezuela	2	South America	36.25	29.00	16745	72.06	0.76	77.98
D. R. of Congo	2	Africa	35.88	17.00	808	60.68	0.46	71.13
Czech Republic	2	Europe	137.18	43.30	32606	79.38	0.89	84.52
Indonesia	2	Asia	145.73	29.30	11189	71.72	0.69	68.15
Sweden	2	Europe	24.72	41.00	46949	82.80	0.93	55.36
South Africa	2	Africa	46.75	27.30	12295	64.13	0.70	84.52
Cameroon	3	Africa	50.89	18.80	3365	59.29	0.56	59.52
Ethiopia	3	Africa	104.96	19.80	1730	66.60	0.46	70.24
Latvia	3	Europe	31.21	43.90	25064	75.29	0.85	64.88
Montenegro	3	Europe	46.28	39.10	16409	76.88	0.81	-
Pakistan	3	Asia	255.57	23.50	5035	67.27	0.56	77.38
Panama	3	North America	55.13	29.70	22267	78.51	0.79	85.71
Tunisia	3	Africa	74.23	32.70	10849	76.70	0.74	76.19
Uzbekistan	3	Asia	76.13	28.20	6253	71.72	0.71	83.04
Kosovo	3	Europe	168.16	-	9796	71.95	-	79.76

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Table 7. Countries' data. Source: own construction based on OWID data. Reference: (7): Max containment and health index; (8): Max economic index; (9): Testing policy; (10): Contact tracing; (11): Access health and quality; (12): Total deaths per million at December 1st, 2020

Country	Cluster	Continent	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
Uruguay	1	South America	61.11	87.50	3	1	72.00	22.45
Azerbaijan	1	Asia	92.36	50.00	2	2	64.50	141.33
Burkina Faso	1	Africa	84.72	-	1	2	42.90	3.25
Belgium	1	Europe	75.00	100.00	2	2	87.90	1448.37
Bosnia&Herzegovina	1	Europe	81.25	37.50	2	0	78.20	831.20
Bolivia	1	South America	81.25	50.00	1	1	59.20	767.84
Bangladesh	1	Asia	88.19	75.00	2	1	51.70	40.53
China	1	Asia	85.42	62.50	3	2	74.20	3.30
Switzerland	1	Europe	61.81	62.50	2	2	91.80	570.79
Germany	1	Europe	74.31	62.50	3	2	86.40	205.02
Dominica	1	North America	82.64	75.00	3	2	58.10	0.00
Dominican Republic	1	North America	90.97	25.00	2	1	62.50	215.07
Andorra	1	Europe	67.36	100.00	2	1	94.60	983.63
Algeria	1	Africa	83.33	62.50	1	0	63.70	55.80
Ghana	1	Africa	81.25	50.00	3	2	49.70	10.40
Spain	1	Europe	76.39	87.50	2	1	89.60	973.40
Greece	1	Europe	84.03	87.50	3	2	87.00	241.48
Guatemala	1	North America	84.03	75.00	2	0	55.70	233.21
India	1	Asia	98.96	75.00	2	2	44.80	99.73
Japan	1	Asia	52.08	75.00	2	1	89.00	16.68
Kyrgyzstan	1	Asia	-	-	1	1	60.40	195.43
Canada	1	North America	72.22	75.00	3	1	87.60	324.01
Kenya	1	Africa	87.50	50.00	3	1	48.70	27.41
Armenia	1	Asia	-	-	-	-	67.50	740.07
Barbados	1	North America	84.72	62.50	2	2	66.80	24.36
Kazakhstan	1	Asia	85.76	37.50	3	2	61.10	129.63
Slovenia	1	Europe	85.42	75.00	2	2	87.40	716.71
United States	1	North America	76.39	62.50	3	1	81.30	817.64
Liechtenstein	1	Europe	-	-	-	-	-	419.54
Madagascar	1	Africa	78.47	50.00	1	1	43.70	9.06
Bulgaria	1	Europe	72.22	87.50	1	2	71.40	602.73
Jamaica	1	North America	78.47	50.00	1	1	63.70	87.13
Lebanon	1	Asia	81.25	25.00	2	1	80.00	151.35
Chile	1	South America	83.68	100.00	2	2	76.00	807.17
Mexico	1	North America	76.04	75.00	1	1	62.60	828.07
Morocco	1	Africa	88.19	75.00	3	1	61.30	160.25
Sri Lanka	1	Asia	88.89	50.00	2	2	72.80	5.70
Mongolia	1	Asia	84.03	75.00	2	2	58.50	0.00
Nigeria	1	Africa	80.56	62.50	1	2	51.30	5.71
Colombia	1	South America	90.28	75.00	2	2	67.80	725.86
Netherlands	1	Europe	67.36	62.50	2	2	89.50	555.48
New Zealand	1	Oceania	86.11	87.50	2	2	86.20	5.18
Afghanistan	1	Asia	76.39	25.00	1	1	32.50	46.16
Poland	1	Europe	73.61	75.00	2	2	79.60	465.01
Paraguay	1	South America	80.56	75.00	1	2	60.40	248.30
Palestine	1	Asia	79.17	50.00	1	1	70.50	146.43
Qatar	1	Asia	87.50	62.50	3	2	85.20	82.61
Romania	1	Europe	79.86	87.50	2	1	74.40	599.35
Rwanda	1	Africa	90.97	62.50	3	2	47.80	3.78
Egypt	1	Africa	81.25	75.00	2	2	61.00	65.14
Russia	1	Europe	80.56	62.50	3	2	71.70	274.44
Thailand	1	Asia	76.74	100.00	2	2	70.80	0.86
Togo	1	Africa	72.22	75.00	1	0	44.30	7.73
Vietnam	1	Asia	93.06	50.00	3	2	66.30	0.36
Singapore	1	Asia	86.11	100.00	2	2	86.30	4.96
Zambia	1	Africa	70.49	25.00	1	2	41.60	19.42
Albania	2	Europe	77.08	75.00	1	2	78.20	285.64
Australia	2	Oceania	83.33	75.00	3	2	89.80	35.61
Austria	2	Europe	84.72	100.00	3	2	88.20	369.18
Brunei	2	Asia	55.56	50.00	2	1	70.00	6.86
Brazil	2	South America	81.94	50.00	2	2	64.90	817.73
Cote d'Ivoire	2	Africa	75.35	75.00	2	2	42.40	5.00
Argentina	2	South America	92.36	75.00	1	2	68.40	861.32
Denmark	2	Europe	65.97	100.00	3	2	85.70	146.06
Belarus	2	Europe	35.42	-	3	2	74.40	123.40
Estonia	2	Europe	63.89	87.50	2	0	81.40	91.22
Costa Rica	2	North America	72.22	50.00	1	2	72.90	339.80
Honduras	2	North America	88.19	87.50	1	1	53.90	294.61
Serbia	2	Europe	86.11	62.50	1	2	75.40	242.78
Hungary	2	Europe	72.22	87.50	1	2	79.60	515.20
Ireland	2	Europe	79.17	100.00	2	2	88.40	419.01
Croatia	2	Europe	86.11	87.50	3	2	81.60	453.32
Iceland	2	Europe	60.42	100.00	3	2	93.60	79.12
Italy	2	Europe	91.32	75.00	2	2	88.70	932.18
El Salvador	2	North America	93.75	75.00	3	1	64.40	172.67
Peru	2	South America	88.19	75.00	2	2	69.60	1090.81
Slovakia	2	Europe	-	-	1	2	78.60	158.99
Cyprus	2	Europe	87.50	100.00	3	2	85.30	55.94
Iran	2	Asia	68.06	62.50	2	0	71.10	578.95
Cambodia	2	Asia	60.42	62.50	1	1	50.70	0.00
Kuwait	2	Asia	95.14	37.50	2	2	82.00	206.30
Portugal	2	Europe	82.64	75.00	3	1	84.50	448.87
United Arab Emirates	2	Asia	92.36	50.00	3	2	72.20	58.24
Djibouti	2	Africa	93.75	12.50	2	2	44.70	61.74
Equatorial Guinea	2	Africa	-	-	-	-	48.40	60.59
Israel	2	Asia	88.19	100.00	1	2	85.50	332.39
South Korea	2	Asia	80.56	50.00	3	2	85.80	10.26
Maldives	2	Asia	-	-	-	-	75.50	86.95
Bahrain	2	Asia	79.17	87.50	3	2	79.00	200.40
United Kingdom	2	Europe	70.49	100.00	2	2	84.60	871.28
Philippines	2	Asia	88.89	75.00	2	2	52.00	76.82
Moldova	2	Europe	81.25	37.50	2	2	73.10	575.86
Macedonia	2	Europe	-	-	-	-	76.00	860.14
Finland	2	Europe	57.64	75.00	2	1	89.60	72.01
Malta	2	Europe	-	-	-	-	85.10	319.34
Malaysia	2	Asia	82.99	75.00	3	2	66.60	11.22
Cuba	2	North America	87.50	62.50	1	2	73.50	12.01
Mali	2	Africa	69.44	50.00	1	2	45.60	7.90
Oman	2	Asia	93.06	62.50	2	1	77.10	280.03
Saudi Arabia	2	Asia	91.67	62.50	3	2	79.40	169.67
France	2	Europe	82.99	100.00	3	2	87.90	809.23
Iraq	2	Asia	90.28	50.00	2	1	60.10	305.95
Norway	2	Europe	66.67	87.50	2	2	90.50	61.61
Senegal	2	Africa	72.22	75.00	2	2	44.40	19.89
Turkey	2	Asia	77.43	87.50	2	2	76.20	165.24
Trinidad and Tobago	2	North America	84.03	75.00	1	2	62.10	85.75
Georgia	2	Asia	93.06	37.50	2	2	62.10	326.63
Taiwan	2	Asia	45.83	37.50	3	2	77.60	0.29
Ukraine	2	Europe	86.81	37.50	2	2	72.70	296.38
Venezuela	2	South America	82.64	50.00	3	0	64.70	31.69
D. R. of Congo	2	Africa	74.65	50.00	1	1	40.40	3.74
Czech Republic	2	Europe	81.94	100.00	2	2	84.80	785.04
Indonesia	2	Asia	75.35	37.50	1	1	49.20	62.45
Sweden	2	Europe	58.33	62.50	2	1	90.50	673.12
South Africa	2	Africa	86.11	75.00	3	2	52.00	364.94
Cameroon	3	Africa	69.44	37.50	2	1	44.40	16.61
Ethiopia	3	Africa	73.61	50.00	1	1	44.20	14.87
Latvia	3	Europe	60.07	100.00	1	2	77.70	111.34
Montenegro	3	Europe	-	-	-	-	80.70	802.47
Pakistan	3	Asia	81.94	75.00	2	1	43.10	36.97
Panama	3	North America	87.50	75.00	2	1	64.40	718.00
Tunisia	3	Africa	76.39	75.00	1	1	70.10	275.84
Uzbekistan	3	Asia	88.54	50.00	1	2	62.30	18.26
Kosovo	3	Europe	76.39	100.00	1	1	-	530.84

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