Right-invariant Sobolev metrics of fractional order on the diffeomorphism group of the circle

Previous Article
Discriminantly separable polynomials and quad-equations
JGM Home
This Issue
Next Article
Stability of Hamiltonian relative equilibria in symmetric magnetically confined rigid bodies

September 2014, 6(3): 335-372. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2014.6.335

Right-invariant Sobolev metrics of fractional order on the diffeomorphism group of the circle

1.	Institute for Applied Mathematics, University of Hanover, D-30167 Hanover
2.	Institut de Mathématiques de Marseille, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, 13453 Marseille, France

Received November 2013 Revised March 2014 Published September 2014

Abstract
Related Papers

In this paper, we study the geodesic flow of a right-invariant metric induced by a general Fourier multiplier on the diffeomorphism group of the circle and on some of its homogeneous spaces. This study covers in particular right-invariant metrics induced by Sobolev norms of fractional order. We show that, under a certain condition on the symbol of the inertia operator (which is satisfied for the fractional Sobolev norm $H^{s}$ for $s \ge 1/2$), the corresponding initial value problem is well-posed in the smooth category and that the Riemannian exponential map is a smooth local diffeomorphism. Paradigmatic examples of our general setting cover, besides all traditional Euler equations induced by a local inertia operator, the Constantin-Lax-Majda equation, and the Euler-Weil-Petersson equation.

Keywords: Sobolev metrics of fractional order., Euler equation, diffeomorphism group of the circle.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 58D05; Secondary: 35Q5.

Citation: Joachim Escher, Boris Kolev. Right-invariant Sobolev metrics of fractional order on the diffeomorphism group of the circle. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2014, 6 (3) : 335-372. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2014.6.335

References:

[1]	V. I. Arnold, Sur la géométrie différentielle des groupes de Lie de dimension infinie et ses applications à l'hydrodynamique des fluides parfaits,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 16 (1966), 319. doi: 10.5802/aif.233.
[2]	M. Bauer, M. Bruveris, P. Harms and P. W. Michor, Geodesic distance for right invariant Sobolev metrics of fractional order on the diffeomorphism group,, Ann. Global Anal. Geom., 44 (2013), 5. doi: 10.1007/s10455-012-9353-x.
[3]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global solutions of the Hunter-Saxton equation,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 37 (2005), 996. doi: 10.1137/050623036.
[4]	M. Bruveris, The energy functional on the Virasoro-Bott group with the $L^{2}$-metric has no local minima,, Ann. Global Anal. Geom., 43 (2013), 385. doi: 10.1007/s10455-012-9350-0.
[5]	R. Camassa and D. D. Holm, An integrable shallow water equation with peaked solitons,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71 (1993), 1661. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1661.
[6]	A. Constantin and B. Kolev, On the geometric approach to the motion of inertial mechanical systems,, J. Phys. A, 35 (2002). doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/35/32/201.
[7]	A. Constantin and B. Kolev, Geodesic flow on the diffeomorphism group of the circle,, Comment. Math. Helv., 78 (2003), 787. doi: 10.1007/s00014-003-0785-6.
[8]	P. Constantin, P. D. Lax and A. Majda, A simple one-dimensional model for the three-dimensional vorticity equation,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 38 (1985), 715. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160380605.
[9]	D. G. Ebin and J. E. Marsden, Groups of diffeomorphisms and the motion of an incompressible fluid,, Ann. of Math. (2), 92 (1970), 102. doi: 10.2307/1970699.
[10]	J. Escher and B. Kolev, The Degasperis-Procesi equation as a non-metric Euler equation,, Math. Z., 269 (2011), 1137. doi: 10.1007/s00209-010-0778-2.
[11]	J. Escher, B. Kolev and M. Wunsch, The geometry of a vorticity model equation,, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 11 (2012), 1407. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.1407.
[12]	J. Escher and M. Wunsch, Restrictions on the geometry of the periodic vorticity equation,, Communications in Contemporary Mathematics, 14 (2012). doi: 10.1142/S0219199712500162.
[13]	L. P. Euler, Du mouvement de rotation des corps solides autour d'un axe variable,, Mémoires de l'académie des sciences de Berlin, 14 (1765), 154.
[14]	A. S. Fokas and B. Fuchssteiner, Symplectic structures, their Bäcklund transformations and hereditary symmetries,, Phys. D, 4 (): 47. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(81)90004-X.
[15]	F. Gay-Balmaz, Infinite Dimensional Geodesic Flows and the Universal Teichmüller Space,, PhD thesis, (2009).
[16]	E. Grong, I. Markina and A. Vasil'ev, Sub-Riemannian geometry on infinite-dimensional manifolds,, ArXiv e-prints, (). doi: 10.1007/s12220-014-9523-0.
[17]	E. Grong, I. Markina and A. Vasil'ev, Sub-Riemannian structures corresponding to Kählerian metrics on the universal Teichmüller space and curve,, ArXiv e-prints, ().
[18]	L. Guieu and C. Roger, L'algèbre et le Groupe de Virasoro,, Les Publications CRM, (2007).
[19]	R. S. Hamilton, The inverse function theorem of Nash and Moser,, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 7 (1982), 65. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-1982-15004-2.
[20]	D. D. Holm, J. E. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, The Euler-Poincaré equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories,, Adv. Math., 137 (1998), 1. doi: 10.1006/aima.1998.1721.
[21]	J. K. Hunter and R. Saxton, Dynamics of director fields,, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 51 (1991), 1498. doi: 10.1137/0151075.
[22]	H. Inci, T. Kappeler and P. Topalov, On the Regularity of the Composition of Diffeomorphisms, vol. 226 of Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society,, 1st edition, (2013). doi: 10.1090/S0065-9266-2013-00676-4.
[23]	B. Khesin, J. Lenells and G. Misiołek, Generalized Hunter-Saxton equation and the geometry of the group of circle diffeomorphisms,, Math. Ann., 342 (2008), 617. doi: 10.1007/s00208-008-0250-3.
[24]	B. Khesin and G. Misiołek, Euler equations on homogeneous spaces and Virasoro orbits,, Adv. Math., 176 (2003), 116. doi: 10.1016/S0001-8708(02)00063-4.
[25]	B. Kolev, Lie groups and mechanics: An introduction,, J. Nonlinear Math. Phys., 11 (2004), 480. doi: 10.2991/jnmp.2004.11.4.5.
[26]	S. Lang, Fundamentals of Differential Geometry, vol. 191 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics,, Springer-Verlag, (1999).
[27]	J. Lenells, The Hunter-Saxton equation describes the geodesic flow on a sphere,, J. Geom. Phys., 57 (2007), 2049. doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2007.05.003.
[28]	J. Lenells, G. Misiołek and F. Tiǧlay, Integrable evolution equations on spaces of tensor densities and their peakon solutions,, Comm. Math. Phys., 299 (2010), 129. doi: 10.1007/s00220-010-1069-9.
[29]	P. W. Michor and D. Mumford, Vanishing geodesic distance on spaces of submanifolds and diffeomorphisms,, Doc. Math., 10 (2005), 217.
[30]	J. Milnor, Remarks on infinite-dimensional Lie groups,, in Relativity, (1984), 1007.
[31]	G. Misiołek, A shallow water equation as a geodesic flow on the Bott-Virasoro group,, J. Geom. Phys., 24 (1998), 203. doi: 10.1016/S0393-0440(97)00010-7.
[32]	G. Misiołek, Classical solutions of the periodic Camassa-Holm equation,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 12 (2002), 1080. doi: 10.1007/PL00012648.
[33]	S. Nag and D. Sullivan, Teichmüller theory and the universal period mapping via quantum calculus and the $H^{1/2}$ space on the circle,, Osaka J. Math., 32 (1995), 1.
[34]	P. J. Olver, Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations, vol. 107 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics,, 2nd edition, (1993). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4350-2.
[35]	A. Pazy, Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1983). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5561-1.
[36]	H. Poincaré, Sur une nouvelle forme des équations de la mécanique,, C.R. Acad. Sci., 132 (1901), 369.
[37]	S. Shkoller, Geometry and curvature of diffeomorphism groups with $H^1$ metric and mean hydrodynamics,, J. Funct. Anal., 160 (1998), 337. doi: 10.1006/jfan.1998.3335.
[38]	L. A. Takhtajan and L.-P. Teo, Weil-Petersson metric on the universal Teichmüller space,, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 183 (2006). doi: 10.1090/memo/0861.
[39]	F. Tiǧlay and C. Vizman, Generalized Euler-Poincaré equations on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces, orbit invariants and applications,, Lett. Math. Phys., 97 (2011), 45. doi: 10.1007/s11005-011-0464-2.
[40]	H. Triebel, Theory of Function Spaces,, Birkhäuser Boston, (1983). doi: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0416-1.
[41]	M. Wunsch, On the geodesic flow on the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle with a fractional Sobolev right-invariant metric,, J. Nonlinear Math. Phys., 17 (2010), 7. doi: 10.1142/S1402925110000544.
[42]	Z. Yin, On the structure of solutions to the periodic Hunter-Saxton equation,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 36 (2004), 272. doi: 10.1137/S0036141003425672.

show all references

References:

[1]	V. I. Arnold, Sur la géométrie différentielle des groupes de Lie de dimension infinie et ses applications à l'hydrodynamique des fluides parfaits,, Ann. Inst. Fourier (Grenoble), 16 (1966), 319. doi: 10.5802/aif.233.
[2]	M. Bauer, M. Bruveris, P. Harms and P. W. Michor, Geodesic distance for right invariant Sobolev metrics of fractional order on the diffeomorphism group,, Ann. Global Anal. Geom., 44 (2013), 5. doi: 10.1007/s10455-012-9353-x.
[3]	A. Bressan and A. Constantin, Global solutions of the Hunter-Saxton equation,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 37 (2005), 996. doi: 10.1137/050623036.
[4]	M. Bruveris, The energy functional on the Virasoro-Bott group with the $L^{2}$-metric has no local minima,, Ann. Global Anal. Geom., 43 (2013), 385. doi: 10.1007/s10455-012-9350-0.
[5]	R. Camassa and D. D. Holm, An integrable shallow water equation with peaked solitons,, Phys. Rev. Lett., 71 (1993), 1661. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.71.1661.
[6]	A. Constantin and B. Kolev, On the geometric approach to the motion of inertial mechanical systems,, J. Phys. A, 35 (2002). doi: 10.1088/0305-4470/35/32/201.
[7]	A. Constantin and B. Kolev, Geodesic flow on the diffeomorphism group of the circle,, Comment. Math. Helv., 78 (2003), 787. doi: 10.1007/s00014-003-0785-6.
[8]	P. Constantin, P. D. Lax and A. Majda, A simple one-dimensional model for the three-dimensional vorticity equation,, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 38 (1985), 715. doi: 10.1002/cpa.3160380605.
[9]	D. G. Ebin and J. E. Marsden, Groups of diffeomorphisms and the motion of an incompressible fluid,, Ann. of Math. (2), 92 (1970), 102. doi: 10.2307/1970699.
[10]	J. Escher and B. Kolev, The Degasperis-Procesi equation as a non-metric Euler equation,, Math. Z., 269 (2011), 1137. doi: 10.1007/s00209-010-0778-2.
[11]	J. Escher, B. Kolev and M. Wunsch, The geometry of a vorticity model equation,, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal., 11 (2012), 1407. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2012.11.1407.
[12]	J. Escher and M. Wunsch, Restrictions on the geometry of the periodic vorticity equation,, Communications in Contemporary Mathematics, 14 (2012). doi: 10.1142/S0219199712500162.
[13]	L. P. Euler, Du mouvement de rotation des corps solides autour d'un axe variable,, Mémoires de l'académie des sciences de Berlin, 14 (1765), 154.
[14]	A. S. Fokas and B. Fuchssteiner, Symplectic structures, their Bäcklund transformations and hereditary symmetries,, Phys. D, 4 (): 47. doi: 10.1016/0167-2789(81)90004-X.
[15]	F. Gay-Balmaz, Infinite Dimensional Geodesic Flows and the Universal Teichmüller Space,, PhD thesis, (2009).
[16]	E. Grong, I. Markina and A. Vasil'ev, Sub-Riemannian geometry on infinite-dimensional manifolds,, ArXiv e-prints, (). doi: 10.1007/s12220-014-9523-0.
[17]	E. Grong, I. Markina and A. Vasil'ev, Sub-Riemannian structures corresponding to Kählerian metrics on the universal Teichmüller space and curve,, ArXiv e-prints, ().
[18]	L. Guieu and C. Roger, L'algèbre et le Groupe de Virasoro,, Les Publications CRM, (2007).
[19]	R. S. Hamilton, The inverse function theorem of Nash and Moser,, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. (N.S.), 7 (1982), 65. doi: 10.1090/S0273-0979-1982-15004-2.
[20]	D. D. Holm, J. E. E. Marsden and T. S. Ratiu, The Euler-Poincaré equations and semidirect products with applications to continuum theories,, Adv. Math., 137 (1998), 1. doi: 10.1006/aima.1998.1721.
[21]	J. K. Hunter and R. Saxton, Dynamics of director fields,, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 51 (1991), 1498. doi: 10.1137/0151075.
[22]	H. Inci, T. Kappeler and P. Topalov, On the Regularity of the Composition of Diffeomorphisms, vol. 226 of Memoirs of the American Mathematical Society,, 1st edition, (2013). doi: 10.1090/S0065-9266-2013-00676-4.
[23]	B. Khesin, J. Lenells and G. Misiołek, Generalized Hunter-Saxton equation and the geometry of the group of circle diffeomorphisms,, Math. Ann., 342 (2008), 617. doi: 10.1007/s00208-008-0250-3.
[24]	B. Khesin and G. Misiołek, Euler equations on homogeneous spaces and Virasoro orbits,, Adv. Math., 176 (2003), 116. doi: 10.1016/S0001-8708(02)00063-4.
[25]	B. Kolev, Lie groups and mechanics: An introduction,, J. Nonlinear Math. Phys., 11 (2004), 480. doi: 10.2991/jnmp.2004.11.4.5.
[26]	S. Lang, Fundamentals of Differential Geometry, vol. 191 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics,, Springer-Verlag, (1999).
[27]	J. Lenells, The Hunter-Saxton equation describes the geodesic flow on a sphere,, J. Geom. Phys., 57 (2007), 2049. doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2007.05.003.
[28]	J. Lenells, G. Misiołek and F. Tiǧlay, Integrable evolution equations on spaces of tensor densities and their peakon solutions,, Comm. Math. Phys., 299 (2010), 129. doi: 10.1007/s00220-010-1069-9.
[29]	P. W. Michor and D. Mumford, Vanishing geodesic distance on spaces of submanifolds and diffeomorphisms,, Doc. Math., 10 (2005), 217.
[30]	J. Milnor, Remarks on infinite-dimensional Lie groups,, in Relativity, (1984), 1007.
[31]	G. Misiołek, A shallow water equation as a geodesic flow on the Bott-Virasoro group,, J. Geom. Phys., 24 (1998), 203. doi: 10.1016/S0393-0440(97)00010-7.
[32]	G. Misiołek, Classical solutions of the periodic Camassa-Holm equation,, Geom. Funct. Anal., 12 (2002), 1080. doi: 10.1007/PL00012648.
[33]	S. Nag and D. Sullivan, Teichmüller theory and the universal period mapping via quantum calculus and the $H^{1/2}$ space on the circle,, Osaka J. Math., 32 (1995), 1.
[34]	P. J. Olver, Applications of Lie Groups to Differential Equations, vol. 107 of Graduate Texts in Mathematics,, 2nd edition, (1993). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4350-2.
[35]	A. Pazy, Semigroups of Linear Operators and Applications to Partial Differential Equations,, Springer-Verlag, (1983). doi: 10.1007/978-1-4612-5561-1.
[36]	H. Poincaré, Sur une nouvelle forme des équations de la mécanique,, C.R. Acad. Sci., 132 (1901), 369.
[37]	S. Shkoller, Geometry and curvature of diffeomorphism groups with $H^1$ metric and mean hydrodynamics,, J. Funct. Anal., 160 (1998), 337. doi: 10.1006/jfan.1998.3335.
[38]	L. A. Takhtajan and L.-P. Teo, Weil-Petersson metric on the universal Teichmüller space,, Mem. Amer. Math. Soc., 183 (2006). doi: 10.1090/memo/0861.
[39]	F. Tiǧlay and C. Vizman, Generalized Euler-Poincaré equations on Lie groups and homogeneous spaces, orbit invariants and applications,, Lett. Math. Phys., 97 (2011), 45. doi: 10.1007/s11005-011-0464-2.
[40]	H. Triebel, Theory of Function Spaces,, Birkhäuser Boston, (1983). doi: 10.1007/978-3-0346-0416-1.
[41]	M. Wunsch, On the geodesic flow on the group of diffeomorphisms of the circle with a fractional Sobolev right-invariant metric,, J. Nonlinear Math. Phys., 17 (2010), 7. doi: 10.1142/S1402925110000544.
[42]	Z. Yin, On the structure of solutions to the periodic Hunter-Saxton equation,, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 36 (2004), 272. doi: 10.1137/S0036141003425672.

[1]	Min Zhu. On the higher-order b-family equation and Euler equations on the circle. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2014, 34 (7) : 3013-3024. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.3013
[2]	Hicham Zmarrou, Ale Jan Homburg. Dynamics and bifurcations of random circle diffeomorphism. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2008, 10 (2&3, September) : 719-731. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2008.10.719
[3]	Flavia Antonacci, Marco Degiovanni. On the Euler equation for minimal geodesics on Riemannian manifoldshaving discontinuous metrics. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2006, 15 (3) : 833-842. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2006.15.833
[4]	Martin Bauer, Philipp Harms, Peter W. Michor. Sobolev metrics on shape space of surfaces. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2011, 3 (4) : 389-438. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2011.3.389
[5]	Stephen C. Preston, Alejandro Sarria. One-parameter solutions of the Euler-Arnold equation on the contactomorphism group. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2015, 35 (5) : 2123-2130. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2015.35.2123
[6]	Martin Bauer, Philipp Harms, Peter W. Michor. Sobolev metrics on shape space, II: Weighted Sobolev metrics and almost local metrics. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2012, 4 (4) : 365-383. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2012.4.365
[7]	S. A. Krat. On pairs of metrics invariant under a cocompact action of a group. Electronic Research Announcements, 2001, 7: 79-86.
[8]	Martins Bruveris. Completeness properties of Sobolev metrics on the space of curves. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2015, 7 (2) : 125-150. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2015.7.125
[9]	Guangze Gu, Xianhua Tang, Youpei Zhang. Ground states for asymptotically periodic fractional Kirchhoff equation with critical Sobolev exponent. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2019, 18 (6) : 3181-3200. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2019143
[10]	Haim Brezis, Petru Mironescu. Composition in fractional Sobolev spaces. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2001, 7 (2) : 241-246. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2001.7.241
[11]	Yury Neretin. The group of diffeomorphisms of the circle: Reproducing kernels and analogs of spherical functions. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2017, 9 (2) : 207-225. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2017009
[12]	Xuewei Cui, Mei Yu. Non-existence of positive solutions for a higher order fractional equation. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2019, 39 (3) : 1379-1387. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019059
[13]	Carsten Burstedde. On the numerical evaluation of fractional Sobolev norms. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2007, 6 (3) : 587-605. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2007.6.587
[14]	David Mumford, Peter W. Michor. On Euler's equation and 'EPDiff'. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2013, 5 (3) : 319-344. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2013.5.319
[15]	Younghun Hong, Yannick Sire. On Fractional Schrödinger Equations in sobolev spaces. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (6) : 2265-2282. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.2265
[16]	Feng Zhou, Chunyou Sun. Dynamics for the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation on non-cylindrical domains I: The diffeomorphism case. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2016, 21 (10) : 3767-3792. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2016120
[17]	Joachim Escher, Rossen Ivanov, Boris Kolev. Euler equations on a semi-direct product of the diffeomorphisms group by itself. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2011, 3 (3) : 313-322. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2011.3.313
[18]	Alexandre B. Simas, Fábio J. Valentim. $W$-Sobolev spaces: Higher order and regularity. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (2) : 597-607. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.597
[19]	Atsushi Kawamoto. Hölder stability estimate in an inverse source problem for a first and half order time fractional diffusion equation. Inverse Problems & Imaging, 2018, 12 (2) : 315-330. doi: 10.3934/ipi.2018014
[20]	Berat Karaagac. New exact solutions for some fractional order differential equations via improved sub-equation method. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2019, 12 (3) : 447-454. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019029

2018 Impact Factor: 0.525

American Institute of Mathematical Sciences