# American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

December  2016, 8(4): 437-460. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2016015

## On strain measures and the geodesic distance to $SO_n$ in the general linear group

 1 Institute of Mathematics, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel

Received  March 2016 Revised  August 2016 Published  November 2016

We consider various notions of strains---quantitative measures for the deviation of a linear transformation from an isometry. The main approach, which is motivated by physical applications and follows the work of [12], is to select a Riemannian metric on $GL_n$, and use its induced geodesic distance to measure the distance of a linear transformation from the set of isometries. We give a short geometric derivation of the formula for the strain measure for the case where the metric is left-$GL_n$-invariant and right-$O_n$-invariant. We proceed to investigate alternative distance functions on $GL_n$, and the properties of their induced strain measures. We start by analyzing Euclidean distances, both intrinsic and extrinsic. Next, we prove that there are no bi-invariant distances on $GL_n$. Lastly, we investigate strain measures induced by inverse-invariant distances.
Citation: Raz Kupferman, Asaf Shachar. On strain measures and the geodesic distance to $SO_n$ in the general linear group. Journal of Geometric Mechanics, 2016, 8 (4) : 437-460. doi: 10.3934/jgm.2016015
##### References:
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##### References:
 [1] E. Andruchow, G. Larotonda, L. Recht and A. Varela, The left invariant metric in the general linear group,, Journal of Geometry and Physics, 86 (2014), 241.  doi: 10.1016/j.geomphys.2014.08.009.  Google Scholar [2] C. Boor, A naive proof of the representation theorem for isotropic, linear asymmetric stress-strain relations,, J. Elast., 15 (1985), 225.  doi: 10.1007/BF00041995.  Google Scholar [3] M. Do Carmo, Riemannian Geometry,, Birkhäuser, (1992).  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2201-7.  Google Scholar [4] S. Goette, Existence of $SO(n)$-isotropic inner products which are not $O(n)$-isotropic,, MathOverflow, ().   Google Scholar [5] G. Grioli, Una proprieta di minimo nella cinematica delle deformazioni finite,, Bollettino dell'Unione Matematica Italiana, 2 (1940), 452.   Google Scholar [6] K. Hackl, A. Mielke and D. Mittenhuber, Dissipation distances in multiplicative elastoplasticity,, in Analysis and Simulation of Multifield Problems, 12 (2003), 87.  doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-36527-3_8.  Google Scholar [7] J. Lankeit, P. Neff and Y. Nakatsukasa, The minimization of matrix logarithms: On a fundamental property of the unitary polar factor,, Lin. Alg. Appl., 449 (2014), 28.  doi: 10.1016/j.laa.2014.02.012.  Google Scholar [8] J. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds,, Springer-Verlag, (2003).  doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-21752-9.  Google Scholar [9] R. Martin and P. Neff, Minimal geodesics on $GL(n)$ for left-invariant, right-$O(n)$-invariant Riemannian metrics,, J. Geom. Mech., 8 (2016), 323.  doi: 10.3934/jgm.2016010.  Google Scholar [10] A. Mielke, Finite elastoplasticity lie groups and geodesics on sl (d),, in Geometry, (2002), 61.  doi: 10.1007/0-387-21791-6_2.  Google Scholar [11] A. Mielke, Energetic formulation of multiplicative elasto-plasticity using dissipation distances,, Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics, 15 (2003), 351.  doi: 10.1007/s00161-003-0120-x.  Google Scholar [12] P. Neff, B. Eidel and R. Martin, Geometry of logarithmic strain measures in solid mechanics,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 222 (2016), 507.  doi: 10.1007/s00205-016-1007-x.  Google Scholar [13] P. Neff, J. Lankeit and A. Madeo, On Grioli's minimum property and its relation to Cauchy's polar decomposition,, Int. J. Eng. Sci., 80 (2014), 209.  doi: 10.1016/j.ijengsci.2014.02.026.  Google Scholar [14] P. Neff, Y. Nakatsukasa and A. Fischle, A logarithmic minimization property of the unitary polar factor in the spectral norm and the Frobenius matrix norm,, SIAM J. Mat. Anal. Appl., 35 (2014), 1132.  doi: 10.1137/130909949.  Google Scholar [15] A. Shahar, How to show the space of inverse-invariant metrics on a lie group is infinite dimensional?,, Mathematics Stack Exchange, ().   Google Scholar [16] Tomás, Geodesic distance from point to manifold,, Mathematics Stack Exchange, ().   Google Scholar
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