Stochastic method for power-aware checkpoint intervals in wireless environments: Theory and application

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October 2012, 8(4): 969-986. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2012.8.969

Stochastic method for power-aware checkpoint intervals in wireless environments: Theory and application

Sung-Hwa Lim ^1, , Se Won Lee ^2, , Byoung-Hoon Lee ^3, , Seongil Lee ^1, and Ho Woo Lee ^1,

1.	Sungkyunkwan University, Department of Systems Management Engineering, Suwon, 440-746, South Korea, South Korea, South Korea
2.	Dongguk Univeristy-SEOUL, Department of Business Administration, Seoul, 110-715, South Korea
3.	Inha University, Institute for Information and Electronics Research, Incheon, 402-751, South Korea

Received September 2011 Revised July 2012 Published September 2012

Abstract
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The checkpoint and rollback scheme is a useful fault-tolerance method for mobile devices in wireless environments. Since battery power is one of the most critical resources for mobile devices, it is important to identify optimal checkpoint intervals that minimize power consumption. In this paper, we propose a method that minimizes power consumption in wireless remote checkpoint environments by considering environmental parameters such as device failure rate, wireless link error rate, and checkpoint overhead. To evaluate the proposed solution, we conducted analytical estimations, simulations, and experimental measurements in a real test-bed.

Keywords: Energy conservation, optimizaiton, mobile computing, fault-tolerance., Markov chain.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 68M15, 60K20; Secondary: 60J2.

Citation: Sung-Hwa Lim, Se Won Lee, Byoung-Hoon Lee, Seongil Lee, Ho Woo Lee. Stochastic method for power-aware checkpoint intervals in wireless environments: Theory and application. Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 2012, 8 (4) : 969-986. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2012.8.969

References:

[1]	S. Biswas and S. Neogy, A low overhead checkpointing scheme for mobile computing systems, in "Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications," IEEE, (2007), 700-705.
[2]	S. Baek and B. D. Choi, Performance analysis of power save mode in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure wireless local area network, J. Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2009), 481-492. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2009.5.481.
[3]	R. C. Baumann, "Soft Errors in Commercial Semiconductor Technology: Overview and Scaling Trends," in "IEEE 2002", Reliability Physics Tutorial Notes, Reliability Fundamentals, 2002.
[4]	K. M. Chandy, J. C. Browne, C. W. Dissly and W. R. Uhrig, Analytic models for rollback and recovery strategies in data base systems, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., 1 (1975), 100-110.
[5]	I.-R. Chen, B. Gu, S. E. George and S.-T. Cheng, On failure recoverability of client-server applications in mobile wireless environments, IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 54 (2005), 115-122. doi: 10.1109/TR.2004.837518.
[6]	C. Constantinescu, Trends and challenges in VLSI circuit reliability, IEEE Micro, 23 (2003), 14-19. doi: 10.1109/MM.2003.1225959.
[7]	J. T. Daly, A higher order estimate of the optimum checkpoint interval for restart dumps, Future Generation Computer Systems, 22 (2006), 303-312. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2004.11.016.
[8]	S. Gadiraju and V. Kumar, Recovery in the mobile wireless environment using mobile agents, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3 (2004), 180-191. doi: 10.1109/TMC.2004.13.
[9]	K.-H. Han, J.-H. Kim, Y.-B. Ko and W.-S. Yoon, An energy efficient broadcasting for mobile devices using a cache scheme, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Proc. ICCS 2004), Springer, (2004), 598-601.
[10]	W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks," in proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (2000), 8020.
[11]	P. Kumar, P. Gupta and A. K. Solanki, Dealing with rrequent aborts in minimum-process coordinated checkpointing algorithm for mobile distributed systems, Int. J. Computer Applications, 3 (2010), 7-12.
[12]	G.-H. Li and H. Wang, A novel min-process checkpointing scheme for mobile computing systems, J. Systems Architecture, 51 (2005), 45-61. doi: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2004.07.001.
[13]	S.-H. Lim, S. W. Lee, B.-H. Lee, S. Lee and H. W. Lee, Energy-aware checkpoint intervals in error-prone mobile networks, in proceedings of QTNA, 2011 (2011), 128-133.
[14]	S.-H. Lim, S. W. Lee, B.-H. Lee and S. Lee, Power-aware optimal checkpoint intervals for mobile consumer devices, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 4 (2011), 1637-1645. doi: 10.1109/TCE.2011.6131136.
[15]	B. McFarland and M. Wong, The family dynamics of 802.11, ACM Queue, 1 (2003), 28-38. doi: 10.1145/846057.864025.
[16]	D. K. Pradhan, P. Krishna and N. H. Vaidya, Recoverable mobile environment: design and trade-off analysis, in proceedings of the 26th Int Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing Systems, (1996), 16-25.
[17]	S. M. Ross, "Stochastic Processes," 2^nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[18]	N. H. Vaidya, On checkpoint latency, in "Proceedings of Pacific Rim International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Systems," (1995), 60-65.
[19]	N. T. Vijaykumar, I. Pomeranz and K. Cheng, Transient-fault recovery using simultaneous multithreading, in "Proceedings of 29th Int Symp." Computer Architecture, IEEE, (2002), 87-98.
[20]	J. W. Young, A first order approximation to the optimum checkpoint interval, Communications on the ACM, 17 (1974), 530-531. doi: 10.1145/361147.361115.
[21]	Z. Zhang, D.-C. Zuo, Y.-W. Ci and X.-Z. Yang, The checkpoint interval optimization of kernel-level rollback recovery based on the embedded mobile computing system, in proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops, IEEE, (2008), 521-526.
[22]	, "Mobile DRAM Power-Saving Features and Power Calculations,", Technical note TN-46-12, (2009), 46.
[23]	, CW1200 : 802.11n dual-band WLAN system-on-chip, Data Sheet, ST Ericsson.
[24]	, "Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency Comparisons of WLAN Products,", White Paper, (2003).
[25]	, "HC25 Hardware Interface Description,", Date Sheet v.1.0, (2007).

show all references

References:

[1]	S. Biswas and S. Neogy, A low overhead checkpointing scheme for mobile computing systems, in "Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communications," IEEE, (2007), 700-705.
[2]	S. Baek and B. D. Choi, Performance analysis of power save mode in IEEE 802.11 infrastructure wireless local area network, J. Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2009), 481-492. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2009.5.481.
[3]	R. C. Baumann, "Soft Errors in Commercial Semiconductor Technology: Overview and Scaling Trends," in "IEEE 2002", Reliability Physics Tutorial Notes, Reliability Fundamentals, 2002.
[4]	K. M. Chandy, J. C. Browne, C. W. Dissly and W. R. Uhrig, Analytic models for rollback and recovery strategies in data base systems, IEEE Trans. Software Eng., 1 (1975), 100-110.
[5]	I.-R. Chen, B. Gu, S. E. George and S.-T. Cheng, On failure recoverability of client-server applications in mobile wireless environments, IEEE Trans. on Reliability, 54 (2005), 115-122. doi: 10.1109/TR.2004.837518.
[6]	C. Constantinescu, Trends and challenges in VLSI circuit reliability, IEEE Micro, 23 (2003), 14-19. doi: 10.1109/MM.2003.1225959.
[7]	J. T. Daly, A higher order estimate of the optimum checkpoint interval for restart dumps, Future Generation Computer Systems, 22 (2006), 303-312. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2004.11.016.
[8]	S. Gadiraju and V. Kumar, Recovery in the mobile wireless environment using mobile agents, IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 3 (2004), 180-191. doi: 10.1109/TMC.2004.13.
[9]	K.-H. Han, J.-H. Kim, Y.-B. Ko and W.-S. Yoon, An energy efficient broadcasting for mobile devices using a cache scheme, in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Proc. ICCS 2004), Springer, (2004), 598-601.
[10]	W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-Efficient Communication Protocol for Wireless Microsensor Networks," in proceedings of Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (2000), 8020.
[11]	P. Kumar, P. Gupta and A. K. Solanki, Dealing with rrequent aborts in minimum-process coordinated checkpointing algorithm for mobile distributed systems, Int. J. Computer Applications, 3 (2010), 7-12.
[12]	G.-H. Li and H. Wang, A novel min-process checkpointing scheme for mobile computing systems, J. Systems Architecture, 51 (2005), 45-61. doi: 10.1016/j.sysarc.2004.07.001.
[13]	S.-H. Lim, S. W. Lee, B.-H. Lee, S. Lee and H. W. Lee, Energy-aware checkpoint intervals in error-prone mobile networks, in proceedings of QTNA, 2011 (2011), 128-133.
[14]	S.-H. Lim, S. W. Lee, B.-H. Lee and S. Lee, Power-aware optimal checkpoint intervals for mobile consumer devices, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, 4 (2011), 1637-1645. doi: 10.1109/TCE.2011.6131136.
[15]	B. McFarland and M. Wong, The family dynamics of 802.11, ACM Queue, 1 (2003), 28-38. doi: 10.1145/846057.864025.
[16]	D. K. Pradhan, P. Krishna and N. H. Vaidya, Recoverable mobile environment: design and trade-off analysis, in proceedings of the 26th Int Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing Systems, (1996), 16-25.
[17]	S. M. Ross, "Stochastic Processes," 2^nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
[18]	N. H. Vaidya, On checkpoint latency, in "Proceedings of Pacific Rim International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Systems," (1995), 60-65.
[19]	N. T. Vijaykumar, I. Pomeranz and K. Cheng, Transient-fault recovery using simultaneous multithreading, in "Proceedings of 29th Int Symp." Computer Architecture, IEEE, (2002), 87-98.
[20]	J. W. Young, A first order approximation to the optimum checkpoint interval, Communications on the ACM, 17 (1974), 530-531. doi: 10.1145/361147.361115.
[21]	Z. Zhang, D.-C. Zuo, Y.-W. Ci and X.-Z. Yang, The checkpoint interval optimization of kernel-level rollback recovery based on the embedded mobile computing system, in proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Workshops, IEEE, (2008), 521-526.
[22]	, "Mobile DRAM Power-Saving Features and Power Calculations,", Technical note TN-46-12, (2009), 46.
[23]	, CW1200 : 802.11n dual-band WLAN system-on-chip, Data Sheet, ST Ericsson.
[24]	, "Power Consumption and Energy Efficiency Comparisons of WLAN Products,", White Paper, (2003).
[25]	, "HC25 Hardware Interface Description,", Date Sheet v.1.0, (2007).

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