An efficient distributed optimization and coordination protocol: Application to the emergency vehicle management

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January 2015, 11(1): 41-63. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2015.11.41

An efficient distributed optimization and coordination protocol: Application to the emergency vehicle management

1.	Computer Science Department, Sciences Faculty, Hassiba Benbouali University, BP 151 Chlef 02000, Algeria

Received December 2012 Revised January 2014 Published May 2014

Abstract
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In this paper we deal with the distributed optimization of problems where the objective/constraints are related to the whole variables of the system. In this kind of problems we need to bring into play all the distributed agents of the system simultaneously to guarantee that the solution is feasible and of a good quality. We propose an efficient agents coordination protocol which avoids centralizing control and computation to one agent. It overcomes the shortcoming of tree search methods related to the agents order and accelerates the search process. The proposed protocol is applied to the distributed emergency vehicle management problem that consists in taking, in a distributed way, the decisions about the locations of a set of emergency vehicles in order to solve the dispatching and covering issues simultaneously. The protocol is compared to the Synchronous Limited Discrepancy Search method. It is also compared to other distributed and centralized methods. The obtained results showed the efficiency of the proposed protocol in finding good solutions in short times and its capacity to lessen the effect of the agents ordering on the solution quality.

Keywords: emergency vehicles management, multi-agent coordination., Distributed optimization.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 58F15, 58F17; Secondary: 53C3.

Citation: Sarah Ibri. An efficient distributed optimization and coordination protocol: Application to the emergency vehicle management. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2015, 11 (1) : 41-63. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2015.11.41

References:

[1]	T. Andersson and P. Varbrand, Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation,, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58 (2007), 195. Google Scholar
[2]	R. Batta, J. M. Dolan and N. N. Krishnamorthy, The maximal expected covering location problem: Revisited,, Transportation Science, 23 (1989), 277. doi: 10.1287/trsc.23.4.277. Google Scholar
[3]	R. Bejar, C.Domshlakb, C. Fernandeza, C. Gomesb, B. Krishnamacharic, B. Selmanb and M. Vallsd, Sensor networks and distributed CSP: Communication, computation and complexity,, Artificial Intelligence, 161* (2005), 117. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.09.002. Google Scholar*
[4]	A. B. Arabani and R. Z. Farahani, Facility location dynamics: An overview of classifications and applications,, Computers and industrial engineering, 62 (2012), 408. Google Scholar
[5]	E. Bowring, M. Tambei and M. Yokoo, Multiply-constrained distributed constraint optimization,, The $5^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2006), 1413. Google Scholar
[6]	R. Church and C. R. Velle, The maximal covering location problem,, Regional Science, 32 (1974), 101. Google Scholar
[7]	M. S. Daskin, Maximum expected covering model: Formulation, properties and heuristic solution,, Transportation Science, 17 (1984), 48. Google Scholar
[8]	A. Farinelli, A. Rogers, A. Pectu and N. R. Jennings, Decentralized coordination of low power embedded devices using the max sum algorithm,, The $7^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2008), 639. Google Scholar
[9]	J. Gaudreault , J. M. Frayret and G. Pesant, Distributed Search for Supply Chain Coordination,, Computers in Industry, 60 (2009), 441. Google Scholar
[10]	J. Gaudreault, Algorithmes Pour la Prise de Decision Distribuee en Contexte Hierarchique, Ph.D thesis, (2009). Google Scholar
[11]	M. Gendreau, G. Laporte and F. Semet, A dynamic model and parallel tabu search heuristic for real time ambulance relocation,, Parallel Computing, 27 (2001), 1641. Google Scholar
[12]	M. Gendreau, G. Laporte and F. Semet, The Maximal expected coverage relocation problem for emergency vehicles,, Journal of Operational Research Society, 57 (2006), 22. Google Scholar
[13]	A. Grubshtein, R. Zivan, T. Grinshpoun and A. Meisels, Local search for distributed asymmetric optimization,, The $9^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2010), 1015. Google Scholar
[14]	A. Haghani, H. Hu and Q. Tian, An Optimization Model for Real-Time Emergency Vehicle Dispatching and Routing,, The $82^{nd}$ annual meeting of the Transportation Research Board, (2003). Google Scholar
[15]	A. Haghani and S.Yang, Real time emergency response fleet deployment concepts, systems, simulation and case studies,, Dynamic fleet management, 57 (2007), 133. Google Scholar
[16]	W. D. Harvey and M. L. Ginsberg, Limited Discrepancy search,, the $14^{th}$ International joint conference on Artificial intelligence, (1995), 607. Google Scholar
[17]	K. Hirayama and M. Yokoo, The distributed breakout algorithms,, Artificial Intelligence - Special issue: Distributed constraint satisfaction, 161* (2005), 89. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.08.004. Google Scholar*
[18]	S. Ibri, H. Drias and M. Nourelfath, A parallel hybrid ant-tabu algorithm for integrated emergency vehicle dispatching and covering problem,, International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications, 2 (2010), 226. Google Scholar
[19]	S. Ibri, M. Nourelfath and H. Drias, A multi-agent approach for the integrated emergency vehicle allocation and covering problem,, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 25 (2012), 554. Google Scholar
[20]	P. Kolesar and W. E. Walker, An algorithm for the dynamic relocation of fire companies,, Operations Research, 22 (1974), 249. Google Scholar
[21]	B. Lopez, B. Innocenti, S. Aciar and L. Cuevas, A multi-agent system to support ambulance coordination in time-critical patient treatment,, $7^{th}$ Symposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial, 22 (2005), 43. Google Scholar
[22]	B. Lopez, B. Innocenti and D. Busquets, A multiagent system for coordinating ambulances for emergency medical services,, Intelligent Systems, 23 (2008), 50. Google Scholar
[23]	R. T. Maheswaran, J. P. Pearce and M. Tambe, Distributed algorithms for DCOP: A graphical-game-based approach,, The $17^{th}$ International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems, (2004), 432. Google Scholar
[24]	R. Mailler and V. Lesser, Solving distributed constraint optimization problems using cooperative mediation,, The $3^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2004), 438. Google Scholar
[25]	P. J. Modi, Distributed Constraint Optimization for Multi-agent Systems,, Ph.D thesis, (2003). Google Scholar
[26]	P. J. Modi, W. M. Shen, M. Tambe and M. Yokoo, ADOPT: Asynchronous distributed constraint optimization with quality guarantees,, Artificial Intelligence Journal, 161* (2005), 149. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.09.003. Google Scholar*
[27]	A. Petcu and B. Faltings, A Scalable Method for Multiagent Constraint Optimization,, The $19^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (2005). Google Scholar
[28]	J. F. Repede and J. J. Bernardo, Developing and validating a decision support system for locating emergency medical vehicles in Louisville, Kentucky,, European Journal of Operational Research, 75 (1994), 567. doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90297-6. Google Scholar
[29]	C. ReVelle and K. Hogan, The maximum availability location problem,, Transportation Science, 23 (1989), 192. doi: 10.1287/trsc.23.3.192. Google Scholar
[30]	A. Rogers, A. Farenelli, R. Stranders and N. R. Jennings, Bounded approximate decentralised coordination via the max-sum algorithm,, Artificial Intelligence, 175* (2011), 730. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2010.11.001. Google Scholar*
[31]	D. A. Schilling, D. J. Elzinga, J. Cohon, R. L. Church and C. S. ReVelle, The TEAM/FLEET models for simultaneous facility and equipment siting,, Transportation Science, 13 (1979), 163. Google Scholar
[32]	V. Schmid, Solving the dynamic ambulance relocation and dispatching problem using approximate dynamic programming,, European journal of operational research, 219* (2012), 611. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2011.10.043. Google Scholar*
[33]	R. Standers, A. Farenelli, A. Rogers and N. R. Jennings, Decentralised coordination of continuously valued control parameters using the max sum algorithm,, The $8^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2009), 601. Google Scholar
[34]	C. R. Toregas, R. S. Wain, C. S. ReVelle and L. Bergman, The location of emergency service facilities,, Operations Research, 19 (1971), 1363. Google Scholar
[35]	M. Yokoo, E. H. Durfee, T. Ishida and K. Kuwabara, The distributed constraint satisfaction problem: Formalization and algorithms,, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 10 (1998), 673. doi: 10.1109/69.729707. Google Scholar
[36]	R. Zanjirani Farahani, N. Asgari, N. Heidari, M. Hosseininia and M. Goh, Covering problems in facility location: A review,, Computers and industrial engineering, 62 (2012), 368. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2011.08.020. Google Scholar
[37]	W. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. Xing and L. Wittenburg, Distributed stochastic algorithm and distributed breakout algorithm: Properties, comparison and applications to COP sensor networks,, Artificial intelligence, 161* (2005), 55. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.10.004. Google Scholar*
[38]	R. Zivan, Anytime local search for distributed constraint optimization,, The $5^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2008), 1449. Google Scholar

show all references

References:

[1]	T. Andersson and P. Varbrand, Decision support tools for ambulance dispatch and relocation,, Journal of the Operational Research Society, 58 (2007), 195. Google Scholar
[2]	R. Batta, J. M. Dolan and N. N. Krishnamorthy, The maximal expected covering location problem: Revisited,, Transportation Science, 23 (1989), 277. doi: 10.1287/trsc.23.4.277. Google Scholar
[3]	R. Bejar, C.Domshlakb, C. Fernandeza, C. Gomesb, B. Krishnamacharic, B. Selmanb and M. Vallsd, Sensor networks and distributed CSP: Communication, computation and complexity,, Artificial Intelligence, 161* (2005), 117. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.09.002. Google Scholar*
[4]	A. B. Arabani and R. Z. Farahani, Facility location dynamics: An overview of classifications and applications,, Computers and industrial engineering, 62 (2012), 408. Google Scholar
[5]	E. Bowring, M. Tambei and M. Yokoo, Multiply-constrained distributed constraint optimization,, The $5^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2006), 1413. Google Scholar
[6]	R. Church and C. R. Velle, The maximal covering location problem,, Regional Science, 32 (1974), 101. Google Scholar
[7]	M. S. Daskin, Maximum expected covering model: Formulation, properties and heuristic solution,, Transportation Science, 17 (1984), 48. Google Scholar
[8]	A. Farinelli, A. Rogers, A. Pectu and N. R. Jennings, Decentralized coordination of low power embedded devices using the max sum algorithm,, The $7^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2008), 639. Google Scholar
[9]	J. Gaudreault , J. M. Frayret and G. Pesant, Distributed Search for Supply Chain Coordination,, Computers in Industry, 60 (2009), 441. Google Scholar
[10]	J. Gaudreault, Algorithmes Pour la Prise de Decision Distribuee en Contexte Hierarchique, Ph.D thesis, (2009). Google Scholar
[11]	M. Gendreau, G. Laporte and F. Semet, A dynamic model and parallel tabu search heuristic for real time ambulance relocation,, Parallel Computing, 27 (2001), 1641. Google Scholar
[12]	M. Gendreau, G. Laporte and F. Semet, The Maximal expected coverage relocation problem for emergency vehicles,, Journal of Operational Research Society, 57 (2006), 22. Google Scholar
[13]	A. Grubshtein, R. Zivan, T. Grinshpoun and A. Meisels, Local search for distributed asymmetric optimization,, The $9^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2010), 1015. Google Scholar
[14]	A. Haghani, H. Hu and Q. Tian, An Optimization Model for Real-Time Emergency Vehicle Dispatching and Routing,, The $82^{nd}$ annual meeting of the Transportation Research Board, (2003). Google Scholar
[15]	A. Haghani and S.Yang, Real time emergency response fleet deployment concepts, systems, simulation and case studies,, Dynamic fleet management, 57 (2007), 133. Google Scholar
[16]	W. D. Harvey and M. L. Ginsberg, Limited Discrepancy search,, the $14^{th}$ International joint conference on Artificial intelligence, (1995), 607. Google Scholar
[17]	K. Hirayama and M. Yokoo, The distributed breakout algorithms,, Artificial Intelligence - Special issue: Distributed constraint satisfaction, 161* (2005), 89. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.08.004. Google Scholar*
[18]	S. Ibri, H. Drias and M. Nourelfath, A parallel hybrid ant-tabu algorithm for integrated emergency vehicle dispatching and covering problem,, International Journal of Innovative Computing and Applications, 2 (2010), 226. Google Scholar
[19]	S. Ibri, M. Nourelfath and H. Drias, A multi-agent approach for the integrated emergency vehicle allocation and covering problem,, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 25 (2012), 554. Google Scholar
[20]	P. Kolesar and W. E. Walker, An algorithm for the dynamic relocation of fire companies,, Operations Research, 22 (1974), 249. Google Scholar
[21]	B. Lopez, B. Innocenti, S. Aciar and L. Cuevas, A multi-agent system to support ambulance coordination in time-critical patient treatment,, $7^{th}$ Symposio Argentino de Inteligencia Artificial, 22 (2005), 43. Google Scholar
[22]	B. Lopez, B. Innocenti and D. Busquets, A multiagent system for coordinating ambulances for emergency medical services,, Intelligent Systems, 23 (2008), 50. Google Scholar
[23]	R. T. Maheswaran, J. P. Pearce and M. Tambe, Distributed algorithms for DCOP: A graphical-game-based approach,, The $17^{th}$ International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Systems, (2004), 432. Google Scholar
[24]	R. Mailler and V. Lesser, Solving distributed constraint optimization problems using cooperative mediation,, The $3^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2004), 438. Google Scholar
[25]	P. J. Modi, Distributed Constraint Optimization for Multi-agent Systems,, Ph.D thesis, (2003). Google Scholar
[26]	P. J. Modi, W. M. Shen, M. Tambe and M. Yokoo, ADOPT: Asynchronous distributed constraint optimization with quality guarantees,, Artificial Intelligence Journal, 161* (2005), 149. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.09.003. Google Scholar*
[27]	A. Petcu and B. Faltings, A Scalable Method for Multiagent Constraint Optimization,, The $19^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, (2005). Google Scholar
[28]	J. F. Repede and J. J. Bernardo, Developing and validating a decision support system for locating emergency medical vehicles in Louisville, Kentucky,, European Journal of Operational Research, 75 (1994), 567. doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(94)90297-6. Google Scholar
[29]	C. ReVelle and K. Hogan, The maximum availability location problem,, Transportation Science, 23 (1989), 192. doi: 10.1287/trsc.23.3.192. Google Scholar
[30]	A. Rogers, A. Farenelli, R. Stranders and N. R. Jennings, Bounded approximate decentralised coordination via the max-sum algorithm,, Artificial Intelligence, 175* (2011), 730. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2010.11.001. Google Scholar*
[31]	D. A. Schilling, D. J. Elzinga, J. Cohon, R. L. Church and C. S. ReVelle, The TEAM/FLEET models for simultaneous facility and equipment siting,, Transportation Science, 13 (1979), 163. Google Scholar
[32]	V. Schmid, Solving the dynamic ambulance relocation and dispatching problem using approximate dynamic programming,, European journal of operational research, 219* (2012), 611. doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2011.10.043. Google Scholar*
[33]	R. Standers, A. Farenelli, A. Rogers and N. R. Jennings, Decentralised coordination of continuously valued control parameters using the max sum algorithm,, The $8^{th}$ International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2009), 601. Google Scholar
[34]	C. R. Toregas, R. S. Wain, C. S. ReVelle and L. Bergman, The location of emergency service facilities,, Operations Research, 19 (1971), 1363. Google Scholar
[35]	M. Yokoo, E. H. Durfee, T. Ishida and K. Kuwabara, The distributed constraint satisfaction problem: Formalization and algorithms,, IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 10 (1998), 673. doi: 10.1109/69.729707. Google Scholar
[36]	R. Zanjirani Farahani, N. Asgari, N. Heidari, M. Hosseininia and M. Goh, Covering problems in facility location: A review,, Computers and industrial engineering, 62 (2012), 368. doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2011.08.020. Google Scholar
[37]	W. Zhang, G. Wang, Z. Xing and L. Wittenburg, Distributed stochastic algorithm and distributed breakout algorithm: Properties, comparison and applications to COP sensor networks,, Artificial intelligence, 161* (2005), 55. doi: 10.1016/j.artint.2004.10.004. Google Scholar*
[38]	R. Zivan, Anytime local search for distributed constraint optimization,, The $5^{th}$ International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, (2008), 1449. Google Scholar

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