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July  2017, 13(3): 1483-1494. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017003

## Performance analysis of binary exponential backoff MAC protocol for cognitive radio in the IEEE 802.16e/m network

 1 ROBOTIS Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea 2 Research Institute for Information and Communication Technology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea 3 The School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea

* Corresponding author: Bong Dae Choi

The reviewing process of the paper was handled by Wuyi Yue and Yutaka Takahashi as Guest Editors

Received  October 2015 Published  December 2016

Fund Project: The second author is supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea grants funded by Korea government(MEST)(No.2012-008099) and the third author is supported by a Korea University Grant.

We propose a distributed MAC protocol for cognitive radio when primary network is IEEE 802.16e/m WiMAX. Our proposed MAC protocol is the Truncated Binary Exponential Backoff Algorithm where the backoff window size of algorithm is doubled at each collision, and the backoff counter is operated by frame basis in IEEE 802.16e/m and is freezed at a frame with no idle slots. We model our proposed MAC protocol as a 3-dimensional discrete-time Markov chain and obtain steady state probability of the Markov chain by using a censored Markov chain method. Based on this steady state probability, we obtain the throughput, packet loss probability and packet delay distribution of secondary users. Our numerical examples show that the initial contention window size can be determined according to the number of secondary users in order to obtain higher throughput for secondary users, and the maximum backoff window has a large impact on the secondary user's packet loss probability. Secondary users' packet delay distribution is much influenced by the initial contention window size and the number of secondary users.

Citation: Shengzhu Jin, Bong Dae Choi, Doo Seop Eom. Performance analysis of binary exponential backoff MAC protocol for cognitive radio in the IEEE 802.16e/m network. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2017, 13 (3) : 1483-1494. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017003
##### References:
 [1] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran and S. Mohanty, Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey, Computer Networks, 50 (2006), 2127-2159.   Google Scholar [2] L. Breuer and D. Baum, An Introduction to Queueing Theory and Matrix-Analytic Methods, Springer, Berlin, 2005.   Google Scholar [3] J. W. Chong, Y. Sung and D. K. Sung, RawPEACH: Multiband CSMA/CA-based cognitive radio networks, J. Comm. Net. 11 APRIL 2009. Google Scholar [4] S. Deng, Traffic characteristics of packet voice, IEEE Int Conf Commun 1995;3: 1369. 74. Google Scholar [5] R. Fantacci and D. Tarchi, A novel cognitive networking scenario for IEEE 802. 16 networks, Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, Dec. 2009. Google Scholar [6] E. Hwang, K. J. Kim, A. Lyakhov and B. D. Choi, Delay analysis of bandwidth request in truncated binary exponential backoff mechanism over error-free/error-prone channels in IEEE802.16e, Proc. of the 16th International Workshop on Quality of Service, (2008), 131-138.   Google Scholar [7] E. Hwang, K. J. Kim and B. D. Choi, Delay distribution and loss probability of bandwidth requests under truncated binary exponential backoff mechanism in IEEE 802.16e over Gilbert-Elliot error channel, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2009), 525-540.  doi: 10.3934/jimo.2009.5.525.  Google Scholar [8] J. G. Kemeny, J. L. Snell and A. W. Knapp, Denumerable Markov Chains Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York, second edition, 1976.  Google Scholar [9] K. J. Kim, J. S. Park and B. D. Choi, Admission control scheme of extended rtPS algorithm for VolP sevice in IEEE 802.163e with adaptive modulation and coding, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2010), 641-660.  doi: 10.3934/jimo.2010.6.641.  Google Scholar [10] IEEE std 802. 16e-2006. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks-part 16: Air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems. amendment 2: Physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands and corrigendum 1, Feb. 2006. Google Scholar [11] IEEE P802. 16m/D3, December, 2009. Google Scholar

show all references

##### References:
 [1] I. F. Akyildiz, W. Y. Lee, M. C. Vuran and S. Mohanty, Next generation/dynamic spectrum access/cognitive radio wireless networks: A survey, Computer Networks, 50 (2006), 2127-2159.   Google Scholar [2] L. Breuer and D. Baum, An Introduction to Queueing Theory and Matrix-Analytic Methods, Springer, Berlin, 2005.   Google Scholar [3] J. W. Chong, Y. Sung and D. K. Sung, RawPEACH: Multiband CSMA/CA-based cognitive radio networks, J. Comm. Net. 11 APRIL 2009. Google Scholar [4] S. Deng, Traffic characteristics of packet voice, IEEE Int Conf Commun 1995;3: 1369. 74. Google Scholar [5] R. Fantacci and D. Tarchi, A novel cognitive networking scenario for IEEE 802. 16 networks, Proc. of IEEE GLOBECOM 2009, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, Dec. 2009. Google Scholar [6] E. Hwang, K. J. Kim, A. Lyakhov and B. D. Choi, Delay analysis of bandwidth request in truncated binary exponential backoff mechanism over error-free/error-prone channels in IEEE802.16e, Proc. of the 16th International Workshop on Quality of Service, (2008), 131-138.   Google Scholar [7] E. Hwang, K. J. Kim and B. D. Choi, Delay distribution and loss probability of bandwidth requests under truncated binary exponential backoff mechanism in IEEE 802.16e over Gilbert-Elliot error channel, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2009), 525-540.  doi: 10.3934/jimo.2009.5.525.  Google Scholar [8] J. G. Kemeny, J. L. Snell and A. W. Knapp, Denumerable Markov Chains Graduate Texts in Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, New York, second edition, 1976.  Google Scholar [9] K. J. Kim, J. S. Park and B. D. Choi, Admission control scheme of extended rtPS algorithm for VolP sevice in IEEE 802.163e with adaptive modulation and coding, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 5 (2010), 641-660.  doi: 10.3934/jimo.2010.6.641.  Google Scholar [10] IEEE std 802. 16e-2006. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks-part 16: Air interface for fixed and mobile broadband wireless access systems. amendment 2: Physical and medium access control layers for combined fixed and mobile operation in licensed bands and corrigendum 1, Feb. 2006. Google Scholar [11] IEEE P802. 16m/D3, December, 2009. Google Scholar
An example of frame structure of IEEE 802.16e system
Secondary users' throughput versus $N_s$ ($N_p=160$)
Secondary users' throughput versus $N_s$ ($N_p=120$)
Secondary users' packet loss probability versus $m$
Secondary users' packet loss probability versus $N_p$
Delay distribution versus $W_0$ ($N_s=30$)
Delay distribution versus $W_0$ ($N_s=60$)
Parameter values used in numerical examples
 Parameter Value $N_{slot}$ 140 $\alpha$ 0.9432 $\beta$ 0.9692 $R_t$ 1
 Parameter Value $N_{slot}$ 140 $\alpha$ 0.9432 $\beta$ 0.9692 $R_t$ 1
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