An EOQ inventory model for deteriorating items with controllable deterioration rate under stock-dependent demand rate and non-linear holding cost

Shuhua Zhang; Longzhou Cao; Zuliang Lu

doi:10.3934/jimo.2021156

Article Contents

2022, Volume 18, Issue 6: 4231-4263. Doi: 10.3934/jimo.2021156

This issue Previous Article Joint emission reduction dynamic optimization and coordination in the supply chain considering fairness concern and reference low-carbon effect Next Article Equilibrium decisions on pricing and innovation that impact reference price dynamics

An EOQ inventory model for deteriorating items with controllable deterioration rate under stock-dependent demand rate and non-linear holding cost

1.
Coordinated Innovation Center for Computable Modeling in Management Science, Tianjin University of Finance and Economics, Tianjin 300222, China
2.
Coordinated Innovation Center for Computable Modeling in Management Science, Yango University, Fuzhou 350015, China
3.
Key Laboratory for Nonlinear Science and System Structure, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Chongqing 404020, China

^* Corresponding author: Longzhou Cao
^* Corresponding author: Longzhou Cao

Received: February 2020

Revised: July 2021

Early access: September 2021

Published: September 2022

This work is supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91430108), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11771322), the National Social Science Foundation of China (19BGL190) and the Major Program of Tianjin University of Finance and Economics (ZD1302)

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Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the retailer's strategy in selecting the order-up-to level, the reorder point and the preservation technology investment for deteriorating items, aiming to maximize his total profit per unit time. We formulate the problem into a mathematical model that takes into account stock-dependent demand rate, stock-dependent holding cost. The terminal conditions are relaxed to allow that the reorder point can be one of the following two cases: (1) $ N\leq0 $, i.e., the reorder point may be negative or zero. When the reorder point is negative, the shortage is allowed and partial backlogged. (2) $ N\geq0 $, i.e., the reorder point may be without shortage or zero. We prove the existence and uniqueness of the optimal order-up-to level, the reorder point and the preservation technology investment under any given two of them for both the two cases. We then present an algorithm to search for decision variables such that the total profit per unit time is maximized. Finally, numerical examples, comparisons in performance and sensitivity analysis are carried out to examine the results obtained. On the basis of the above results, some useful managerial insights are revealed.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 90B05; Secondary: 91B06.

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Figure 1. Graphical representation for the case of $ N\leq0 $

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Figure 2. Graphical representation for the case of $ N\geq0 $

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Figure 3. The effect of the deterioration rate on $Q$, $N$, $\xi$, $S$, $U$, $AR$, $\theta_1$, $T$, and $t_1$ for the cases with and without preservation technology investment

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Table 1. Notation

Decision variables
$ Q $	the order-up-to level at time $ t = 0 $.
$ N $	the reorder point at time $ T $, i.e., $ I(T) = N $.
$ \xi $	the preservation technology cost per unit time for reducing the deterioration rate.
auxiliary variables
$ S(Q, \xi, N) $	the order quantity per cycle.
$ T(Q, \xi, N) $	the inventory cycle length.
$ t_1(Q, \xi) $	the time when the inventory level comes down to zero.
Constant parameters
$ p $	the purchasing cost per unit item.
$ s $	the selling price per unit item.
$ h $	the holding cost per unit per unit time.
$ I(t) $	the inventory level at time $ t $.
$ D(t) $	the demand rate at time $ t $.
$ \gamma $	the elasticity of holding cost.
$ \beta $	the demand elasticity.
$ c_s $	the shortage cost per unit per unit time.
$ c_l $	the lost sale cost per unit.
$ \lambda $	the scale parameter of the demand rate.
$ \delta $	the partial backlogging parameter, $ \delta\in [0, 1] $.
$ \theta $	the deteriorating rate.
$ K $	the replenishment cost per order.
$ m(\xi) $	the proportion of the reduced deterioration rate, $ 0\leq m(\xi)\leq 1 $.
$ AR(Q, \xi, N) $	the total profit per unit time.
$ TR(Q, \xi, N) $	the total profit per inventory cycle.

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Table 2. Sensitivity analysis for Example 3

parameter	value	$AR^*$	$Q^*$	$N^*$	$\xi^*$	$T^*$	$S^*$
$\theta$	0.06	24.1103	3.0660	0.4157	0	2.1865	2.6503
	0.13	21.5417	3.0618	0.4074	2.3451	2.1880	2.6544
	0.2	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	0.27	19.1054	3.0618	0.4074	4.7814	2.1880	2.6544
	0.34	18.3370	3.0618	0.4074	5.5498	2.1880	2.6544
$K$	10	25.4420	2.8487	0.6882	3.6616	1.7274	2.1605
	15	22.6078	2.9691	0.5264	3.7246	1.9840	2.4427
	20	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	25	17.8250	3.1382	0.3159	3.8343	2.3590	2.8223
	30	15.7056	3.2037	0.2439	3.8858	2.5067	2.9598
$a$	0.08	16.1844	2.8147	0.1615	0	2.1550	2.6532
	0.19	18.3422	3.0251	0.3453	3.8236	2.1963	2.6798
	0.3	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	0.41	21.2412	3.0765	0.4378	3.4653	2.1819	2.6387
	0.52	22.0291	3.0843	0.4559	3.1586	2.1777	2.6284
$\lambda$	0.8	13.8535	2.8817	0.3308	3.6707	2.6957	2.5509
	0.9	16.9434	2.9760	0.3708	3.7274	2.4150	2.6052
	1	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	1.1	23.3336	3.1408	0.4413	3.8320	2.0008	2.6995
	1.2	26.6212	3.2141	0.4729	3.8804	1.8437	2.7412
$h$	0.2	22.0652	3.3883	0.5140	4.1190	2.2519	2.8743
	0.25	20.9776	3.2045	0.4531	3.9328	2.2166	2.7514
	0.3	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	0.35	19.3801	2.9463	0.3716	3.6531	2.1640	2.5747
	0.4	18.7597	2.8498	0.3425	3.5425	2.1432	2.5073
$s$	45	9.0587	2.8849	0.1786	3.2113	2.4050	2.7063
	50	14.4533	2.9806	0.2948	3.5260	2.2877	2.6858
	55	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	60	25.9663	3.1330	0.5129	3.9930	2.1035	2.6201
	65	31.9997	3.1966	0.6107	4.1732	2.0311	2.5859
$p$	10	33.3378	3.2234	0.6074	2.9528	2.0160	2.6160
	15	26.5681	3.1444	0.5121	3.4419	2.0954	2.6323
	20	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	25	13.9445	2.9707	0.2945	3.9925	2.2981	2.6762
	30	8.1104	2.8650	0.1771	4.0781	2.4301	2.6879
$\gamma$	3	26.2330	4.5559	0.8063	4.9638	2.5784	3.7496
	3.5	22.6169	3.6210	0.5504	4.2757	2.3429	3.0706
	4	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	4.5	18.2543	2.6932	0.3182	3.4071	2.0788	2.3750
	5	16.8301	2.4333	0.2582	3.1140	1.9977	2.1751
$\beta$	0.32	19.2226	2.9215	0.2756	3.5565	2.2976	2.6459
	0.36	19.6213	2.9920	0.3412	3.6710	2.2467	2.6508
	0.4	20.1058	3.0618	0.4074	3.7811	2.1880	2.6544
	0.44	20.6777	3.1314	0.4738	3.8865	2.1236	2.6576
	0.48	21.3397	3.2011	0.5399	3.9873	2.0550	2.6612

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