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Multi-objective optimization of multi-microgrid power dispatch under uncertainties using interval optimization
1. | School of Economics and Management, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China |
2. | State key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China |
The microgrid technology, which can dispatch power independently, is an effective way to increase the efficiency of energy utilization meanwhile develop and utilize the clean and renewable energy. However, the power generation of a single microgrid is unstable, because it is greatly affected by the external environment. Therefore, the development and application of the multi-microgrid system have gradually drawn various countries' attention. In order to minimize the operating cost and gaseous pollutant emission of the multi-microgrid system, which is composed of renewable energies and electric vehicles and so on, this paper builds a 24 hours day-ahead multi-objective complex constrained optimization model, using interval optimization to handle uncertainties of renewable energies. In view of the model characteristics, the metaheuristic strategies about initialization and repair of solution are designed. Furthermore, the fuzzy membership degree and Chebyshev function are used in parallel to decompose the multi-objective optimization problem, thus a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on hybrid decomposition (MOEA/HD) is constructed. Finally, the effectiveness of the metaheuristic strategies can be verified by analyzing the simulation results in this paper. Moreover, the results prove that the MOEA/HD is more efficient, which can get a higher-quality Pareto optimal solution set when compared to other algorithms.
References:
[1] |
A. Akhil, The CERTS microgrid concept, White Paper for Transmission Reliability Program, U.S, 2002. |
[2] |
R. Baldick, B. H. Kim, C. Chase and Y. Luo,
A fast distributed implementaion of optimal power flow, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 14 (1999), 858-864.
|
[3] |
F. Barbir and T. Gómez,
Efficiency and economics of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21 (1996), 891-901.
|
[4] |
A. Chaouachi, R. M. Kamel, R. Andoulsi and K. Nagasaka,
Multiobjective intelligent energy management for a microgrid, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60 (2013), 1688-1699.
doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2188873. |
[5] |
K. Deb, Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms, Goldberg. Wiley-Interscience Series in Systems and Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2001. |
[6] |
K. Deb and H. Beyer,
Self-adaptive genetic algorithms with simulated binary crossover, Evolutionary Computation, 9 (2001), 197-221.
doi: 10.1162/106365601750190406. |
[7] |
K. Deb, A. Pratap, S. Agarwal and T. Meyarivan,
A fast and elitist multi objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6 (2002), 182-197.
|
[8] |
F. Facchinei, A. Fischer and M. Herrich,
An LP-Newton method: Nonsmooth equations, KKT systems, and nonisolated solutions, Math. Program., 146 (2014), 1-36.
doi: 10.1007/s10107-013-0676-6. |
[9] |
H. Farzin, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad and M. Moeini-Aghtaie, Developing a hierarchical scheme for outage management in multi-microgrids, IEEE Power Tech Conference, IEEE, 2015.
doi: 10.1109/PTC.2015.7232575. |
[10] |
N. Gil and J. Lopes, Hierarchical frequency control scheme for islanded multi-microgrids operation, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech, 2007.
doi: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538363. |
[11] |
T. Gjengedal, S. Johansen and O. Hansen,
A qualitative approach to economic-environment dispatch-treatment of multiple pollutants, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 7 (1992), 367-373.
doi: 10.1109/60.148554. |
[12] |
C. Huang, D. Yue, S. Deng and J. Xie,
Optimal scheduling of microgrid with multiple distributed resources using interval optimization, Energies, 10 (2017), 399-422.
doi: 10.3390/en10030339. |
[13] |
C. Jiang, X. Han, G. R. Liu and G. P. Liu,
A nonlinear interval number programming method for uncertain optimization problems, European J. Oper. Res., 188 (2008), 1-13.
doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2007.03.031. |
[14] |
P. Kou, D. Liang, L. Gao and F. Gao,
Stochastic coordination of plug-in electric vehicles and wind turbines in microgrid: A model predictive control approach, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 7 (2016), 1537-1551.
doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2475316. |
[15] |
X. Lu, K. Zhou and S. Yang,
Multi-objective optimal dispatch of microgrid containing electric vehicles, Journal of Cleaner Production, 165 (2017), 1572-1581.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.221. |
[16] |
T. Lv, Q. Ai and Y. Zhao,
A bi-level multi-objective optimal operation of grid-connected microgrids, Electric Power Systems Research, 131 (2016), 60-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.09.018. |
[17] |
A. A. Moghaddam, A. Seifi, T. Niknam and M. R. Pahlavani,
Multi-objective operation management of a renewable MG (micro-grid) with back-up micro-turbine/fuel cell/battery hybrid power source, Energy, 36 (2011), 6490-6507.
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.017. |
[18] |
F. A. Mohamed and H. N. Koivo,
System modelling and online optimal management of microgrid using mesh adaptive direct search, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 32 (2010), 398-407.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.11.003. |
[19] |
M. H. Moradi, M. Abedini and S. M. Hosseinian,
Optimal operation of autonomous microgrid using HS–GA, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 77 (2016), 210-220.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.043. |
[20] |
M. Muslu,
Economic dispatch with environmental considerations: Trade off curves and emission reduction rates, Electric Power Systems Research, 71 (2004), 153-158.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2004.01.009. |
[21] |
Y. Qi, X. Ma, F. Liu, L. Jiao, J. Sun and J. Wu,
MOEA/D with adaptive weight adjustment, Evolutionary Computation, 22 (2014), 231-264.
doi: 10.1162/EVCO_a_00109. |
[22] |
J. Radosavljević, M. Jevtić and D. Klimenta,
Energy and operation management of a microgrid using particle swarm optimization, Engineering Optimization, 48 (2016), 811-830.
|
[23] |
W. Saad, Z. Han and H. V. Poor, Coalitional game theory for cooperative micro-grid distribution networks, IEEE International Conf on Communications Workshops, IEEE, 2011.
doi: 10.1109/iccw.2011.5963577. |
[24] |
D. Saéz, F. A$\acute{\rm{v}}$ila, D. Olivares, C. Canizares and L. Mariń,
Fuzzy prediction interval models for forecasting renewable resources and loads in microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6 (2015), 548-556.
|
[25] |
W. F. Tinney and C. E. Hart,
Power flow solution by newton's method, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 86 (1967), 1449-1460.
doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1967.291823. |
[26] |
J. Vasiljevska, J. P. Lopes and M. Matos, Multi-microgrid impact assessment using multi criteria decision aid methods, IEEE Power Tech Conference, IEEE, 2009.
doi: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282054. |
[27] |
D. V. Veldhuizen and G. B. Lamont, On measuring multiobjective evolutionary algorithm performance, Proceedings of Evolutionary Computation, 2000.
doi: 10.1109/CEC.2000.870296. |
[28] |
J. L. Verdagay, Fuzzy Mathematical Programming, North-holland, Amsterdam, 1982. |
[29] |
S. Wang, X. Fan, L. Han and L. Ge,
Improved interval optimization method based on differential evolution for microgrid economic dispatch, Electric Machines and Power Systems, 43 (2015), 1882-1890.
doi: 10.1080/15325008.2015.1057783. |
[30] |
Y. Wang, Q. Xia and C. Kang,
Unit commitment with volatile node injections by using interval optimization, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 26 (2011), 1705-1713.
doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2100050. |
[31] |
C. Wei, Z. M. Fadlullah, N. Kato and A. Takeuchi,
GT-CFS: A game theoretic coalition formulation strategy for reducing power loss in micro grids, IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 25 (2014), 2307-2317.
doi: 10.1109/TPDS.2013.178. |
[32] |
A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. |
[33] |
H. Wu, X. Liu and M. Ding,
Dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid: Mathematical models and solution algorithm, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 63 (2014), 336-346.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.002. |
[34] |
Q. Xiao, X. Guo and D. Li,
Partial disassembly line balancing under uncertainty: Robust optimization models and an improved migrating birds optimization algorithm, International Journal of Production Research, 59 (2021), 2977-2995.
doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1744765. |
[35] |
N. Yu, J. S. Kang, C. C. Chang, T. Y. Lee and D. Y. Lee,
Robust economic optimization and environmental policy analysis for microgrid planning: An application to Taichung Industrial Park, Taiwan, Energy, 113 (2016), 671-682.
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.066. |
[36] |
Q. Zhang and H. Li,
MOEA/D: A multi objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11 (2007), 712-731.
|
[37] |
Q. Zhang, H. Li, D. Maringer and E. Tsang, MOEA/D with NBI-style chebyshev approach for portfolio management, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2010. |
[38] |
E. Zitzler and L. Thiele,
Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: A comparative case study and the strength pareto approach, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3 (1999), 257-271.
|
[39] |
E. V. Zyl and A. P. Engelbrecht, A subspace-based method for PSO initialization, IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence. IEEE, 2016. |
show all references
References:
[1] |
A. Akhil, The CERTS microgrid concept, White Paper for Transmission Reliability Program, U.S, 2002. |
[2] |
R. Baldick, B. H. Kim, C. Chase and Y. Luo,
A fast distributed implementaion of optimal power flow, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 14 (1999), 858-864.
|
[3] |
F. Barbir and T. Gómez,
Efficiency and economics of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21 (1996), 891-901.
|
[4] |
A. Chaouachi, R. M. Kamel, R. Andoulsi and K. Nagasaka,
Multiobjective intelligent energy management for a microgrid, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60 (2013), 1688-1699.
doi: 10.1109/TIE.2012.2188873. |
[5] |
K. Deb, Multi-Objective Optimization Using Evolutionary Algorithms, Goldberg. Wiley-Interscience Series in Systems and Optimization. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Chichester, 2001. |
[6] |
K. Deb and H. Beyer,
Self-adaptive genetic algorithms with simulated binary crossover, Evolutionary Computation, 9 (2001), 197-221.
doi: 10.1162/106365601750190406. |
[7] |
K. Deb, A. Pratap, S. Agarwal and T. Meyarivan,
A fast and elitist multi objective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 6 (2002), 182-197.
|
[8] |
F. Facchinei, A. Fischer and M. Herrich,
An LP-Newton method: Nonsmooth equations, KKT systems, and nonisolated solutions, Math. Program., 146 (2014), 1-36.
doi: 10.1007/s10107-013-0676-6. |
[9] |
H. Farzin, M. Fotuhi-Firuzabad and M. Moeini-Aghtaie, Developing a hierarchical scheme for outage management in multi-microgrids, IEEE Power Tech Conference, IEEE, 2015.
doi: 10.1109/PTC.2015.7232575. |
[10] |
N. Gil and J. Lopes, Hierarchical frequency control scheme for islanded multi-microgrids operation, 2007 IEEE Lausanne Power Tech, 2007.
doi: 10.1109/PCT.2007.4538363. |
[11] |
T. Gjengedal, S. Johansen and O. Hansen,
A qualitative approach to economic-environment dispatch-treatment of multiple pollutants, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 7 (1992), 367-373.
doi: 10.1109/60.148554. |
[12] |
C. Huang, D. Yue, S. Deng and J. Xie,
Optimal scheduling of microgrid with multiple distributed resources using interval optimization, Energies, 10 (2017), 399-422.
doi: 10.3390/en10030339. |
[13] |
C. Jiang, X. Han, G. R. Liu and G. P. Liu,
A nonlinear interval number programming method for uncertain optimization problems, European J. Oper. Res., 188 (2008), 1-13.
doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2007.03.031. |
[14] |
P. Kou, D. Liang, L. Gao and F. Gao,
Stochastic coordination of plug-in electric vehicles and wind turbines in microgrid: A model predictive control approach, IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, 7 (2016), 1537-1551.
doi: 10.1109/TSG.2015.2475316. |
[15] |
X. Lu, K. Zhou and S. Yang,
Multi-objective optimal dispatch of microgrid containing electric vehicles, Journal of Cleaner Production, 165 (2017), 1572-1581.
doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.07.221. |
[16] |
T. Lv, Q. Ai and Y. Zhao,
A bi-level multi-objective optimal operation of grid-connected microgrids, Electric Power Systems Research, 131 (2016), 60-70.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2015.09.018. |
[17] |
A. A. Moghaddam, A. Seifi, T. Niknam and M. R. Pahlavani,
Multi-objective operation management of a renewable MG (micro-grid) with back-up micro-turbine/fuel cell/battery hybrid power source, Energy, 36 (2011), 6490-6507.
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.09.017. |
[18] |
F. A. Mohamed and H. N. Koivo,
System modelling and online optimal management of microgrid using mesh adaptive direct search, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 32 (2010), 398-407.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2009.11.003. |
[19] |
M. H. Moradi, M. Abedini and S. M. Hosseinian,
Optimal operation of autonomous microgrid using HS–GA, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 77 (2016), 210-220.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2015.11.043. |
[20] |
M. Muslu,
Economic dispatch with environmental considerations: Trade off curves and emission reduction rates, Electric Power Systems Research, 71 (2004), 153-158.
doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2004.01.009. |
[21] |
Y. Qi, X. Ma, F. Liu, L. Jiao, J. Sun and J. Wu,
MOEA/D with adaptive weight adjustment, Evolutionary Computation, 22 (2014), 231-264.
doi: 10.1162/EVCO_a_00109. |
[22] |
J. Radosavljević, M. Jevtić and D. Klimenta,
Energy and operation management of a microgrid using particle swarm optimization, Engineering Optimization, 48 (2016), 811-830.
|
[23] |
W. Saad, Z. Han and H. V. Poor, Coalitional game theory for cooperative micro-grid distribution networks, IEEE International Conf on Communications Workshops, IEEE, 2011.
doi: 10.1109/iccw.2011.5963577. |
[24] |
D. Saéz, F. A$\acute{\rm{v}}$ila, D. Olivares, C. Canizares and L. Mariń,
Fuzzy prediction interval models for forecasting renewable resources and loads in microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 6 (2015), 548-556.
|
[25] |
W. F. Tinney and C. E. Hart,
Power flow solution by newton's method, IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, 86 (1967), 1449-1460.
doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1967.291823. |
[26] |
J. Vasiljevska, J. P. Lopes and M. Matos, Multi-microgrid impact assessment using multi criteria decision aid methods, IEEE Power Tech Conference, IEEE, 2009.
doi: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282054. |
[27] |
D. V. Veldhuizen and G. B. Lamont, On measuring multiobjective evolutionary algorithm performance, Proceedings of Evolutionary Computation, 2000.
doi: 10.1109/CEC.2000.870296. |
[28] |
J. L. Verdagay, Fuzzy Mathematical Programming, North-holland, Amsterdam, 1982. |
[29] |
S. Wang, X. Fan, L. Han and L. Ge,
Improved interval optimization method based on differential evolution for microgrid economic dispatch, Electric Machines and Power Systems, 43 (2015), 1882-1890.
doi: 10.1080/15325008.2015.1057783. |
[30] |
Y. Wang, Q. Xia and C. Kang,
Unit commitment with volatile node injections by using interval optimization, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 26 (2011), 1705-1713.
doi: 10.1109/TPWRS.2010.2100050. |
[31] |
C. Wei, Z. M. Fadlullah, N. Kato and A. Takeuchi,
GT-CFS: A game theoretic coalition formulation strategy for reducing power loss in micro grids, IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 25 (2014), 2307-2317.
doi: 10.1109/TPDS.2013.178. |
[32] |
A. J. Wood and B. F. Wollenberg, Power Generation, Operation and Control, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1996. |
[33] |
H. Wu, X. Liu and M. Ding,
Dynamic economic dispatch of a microgrid: Mathematical models and solution algorithm, International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems, 63 (2014), 336-346.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.002. |
[34] |
Q. Xiao, X. Guo and D. Li,
Partial disassembly line balancing under uncertainty: Robust optimization models and an improved migrating birds optimization algorithm, International Journal of Production Research, 59 (2021), 2977-2995.
doi: 10.1080/00207543.2020.1744765. |
[35] |
N. Yu, J. S. Kang, C. C. Chang, T. Y. Lee and D. Y. Lee,
Robust economic optimization and environmental policy analysis for microgrid planning: An application to Taichung Industrial Park, Taiwan, Energy, 113 (2016), 671-682.
doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.07.066. |
[36] |
Q. Zhang and H. Li,
MOEA/D: A multi objective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 11 (2007), 712-731.
|
[37] |
Q. Zhang, H. Li, D. Maringer and E. Tsang, MOEA/D with NBI-style chebyshev approach for portfolio management, IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, 2010. |
[38] |
E. Zitzler and L. Thiele,
Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: A comparative case study and the strength pareto approach, IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3 (1999), 257-271.
|
[39] |
E. V. Zyl and A. P. Engelbrecht, A subspace-based method for PSO initialization, IEEE Symposium Series on Computational Intelligence. IEEE, 2016. |













Research field | Differences | |
Interval | Existing research | Existing studies on IO, such as literature [29], mostly don't consider the risk preference of decision makers. |
Optimization | This paper | Considering the risk preference of decision makers, this paper creates a multi-objective IO model with the possibility degree. |
Handling | Existing research | In existing studies, such as literature [16], the method of handling complex constraints is lack of detailed description |
Constraints | This paper | In this paper, the metaheuristic strategies about initialization and repair of solution are designed to deal with the complex constraints. |
MOEA/D | Existing research | The existing studies, such as literature [36], mostly use Chebyshev function as the decomposition strategy, and do not apply hybrid decomposition strategy to update the solution. |
This paper | In this paper, Chebyshev function and fuzzy membership are used in parallel to improve the conventional MOEA/D to MOEA/HD to solve the complex constrained model. |
Research field | Differences | |
Interval | Existing research | Existing studies on IO, such as literature [29], mostly don't consider the risk preference of decision makers. |
Optimization | This paper | Considering the risk preference of decision makers, this paper creates a multi-objective IO model with the possibility degree. |
Handling | Existing research | In existing studies, such as literature [16], the method of handling complex constraints is lack of detailed description |
Constraints | This paper | In this paper, the metaheuristic strategies about initialization and repair of solution are designed to deal with the complex constraints. |
MOEA/D | Existing research | The existing studies, such as literature [36], mostly use Chebyshev function as the decomposition strategy, and do not apply hybrid decomposition strategy to update the solution. |
This paper | In this paper, Chebyshev function and fuzzy membership are used in parallel to improve the conventional MOEA/D to MOEA/HD to solve the complex constrained model. |
Periods | |
00:00-08:00 | 0.3 |
08:00-12:00 | 0.95 |
12:00-17:00 | 0.56 |
17:00-21:00 | 0.95 |
21:00-24:00 | 0.56 |
Periods | |
00:00-08:00 | 0.3 |
08:00-12:00 | 0.95 |
12:00-17:00 | 0.56 |
17:00-21:00 | 0.95 |
21:00-24:00 | 0.56 |
Bus No. | Name | |||
3 | PV1 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
5 | WT1 | 35 | -10 | 10 |
7 | WT2 | 35 | -10 | 10 |
8 | PV2 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
10 | WT3 | 45 | -10 | 10 |
11 | PV3 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
12 | PV4 | 40 | -20 | 20 |
13 | WT4 | 45 | -10 | 10 |
14 | PV5 | 40 | -20 | 20 |
Bus No. | Name | |||
3 | PV1 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
5 | WT1 | 35 | -10 | 10 |
7 | WT2 | 35 | -10 | 10 |
8 | PV2 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
10 | WT3 | 45 | -10 | 10 |
11 | PV3 | 30 | -15 | 15 |
12 | PV4 | 40 | -20 | 20 |
13 | WT4 | 45 | -10 | 10 |
14 | PV5 | 40 | -20 | 20 |
Control parameter | Combination Number | ||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
CN | 100 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
ps | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
pm | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Z | 20 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 20 |
Control parameter | Combination Number | ||||||||
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | |
CN | 100 | 100 | 100 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
ps | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 |
pm | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.1 | 0.05 | 0.08 |
Z | 20 | 50 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 50 | 50 | 100 | 20 |
Possibility degree |
||||||||||
2MGs | 3MGs | 4MGs | 5MGs | 6MGs | 7MGs | 8MGs | 9MGs | 10MGs | ||
MOEA/CD | 0.341 | 0.442 | 0.556 | 0.384 | 0.553 | 0.607 | 0.490 | 0.418 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.429 | 0.486 | 0.545 | 0.545 | 0.475 | 0.476 | 0.498 | 0.623 | 0.454 |
value | NSGAII | 0.549 | 0.562 | 0.684 | 0.559 | 0.442 | 0.745 | 0.554 | 0.608 | 0.526 |
MOEA/HD | 0.365 | 0.382 | 0.460 | 0.425 | 0.441 | 0.502 | 0.559 | 0.420 | 0.413 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.598 | 0.731 | 0.662 | 0.758 | 0.808 | 0.795 | 0.547 | 0.540 | 0.599 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.462 | 0.622 | 0.583 | 0.682 | 0.587 | 0.592 | 0.601 | 0.640 | 0.626 |
value | NSGAII | 0.648 | 0.737 | 1.110 | 0.606 | 1.058 | 0.875 | 0.742 | 1.148 | 0.590 |
MOEA/HD | 0.485 | 0.487 | 0.555 | 0.518 | 0.499 | 0.675 | 0.580 | 0.711 | 0.574 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.428 | 0.588 | 0.606 | 0.582 | 0.713 | 0.679 | 0.513 | 0.492 | 0.576 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.443 | 0.560 | 0.567 | 0.620 | 0.540 | 0.516 | 0.552 | 0.633 | 0.551 |
value | NSGAII | 0.597 | 0.665 | 0.830 | 0.581 | 0.795 | 0.791 | 0.652 | 0.903 | 0.551 |
MOEA/HD | 0.433 | 0.434 | 0.504 | 0.463 | 0.467 | 0.562 | 0.570 | 0.613 | 0.509 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.120 | 0.118 | 0.043 | 0.154 | 0.113 | 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.053 | 0.029 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.014 | 0.056 | 0.016 | 0.057 | 0.048 | 0.054 | 0.042 | 0.007 | 0.072 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.040 | 0.075 | 0.199 | 0.019 | 0.259 | 0.059 | 0.077 | 0.223 | 0.028 |
MOEA/HD | 0.050 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.024 | 0.080 | 0.008 | 0.137 | 0.069 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.456 | 0.561 | 0.600 | 0.796 | 0.543 | 0.685 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.572 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.538 | 0.570 | 0.910 | 0.555 | 0.687 | 0.590 | 0.789 | 0.824 | 0.907 |
value | NSGAII | 0.611 | 0.790 | 0.750 | 1.170 | 0.780 | 0.686 | 1.062 | 0.704 | 0.829 |
MOEA/HD | 0.699 | 0.494 | 0.576 | 0.731 | 0.578 | 0.516 | 0.647 | 0.649 | 0.757 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.447 | 0.456 | 0.527 | 0.690 | 0.525 | 0.633 | 0.641 | 0.632 | 0.552 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.491 | 0.547 | 0.764 | 0.490 | 0.537 | 0.569 | 0.635 | 0.632 | 0.666 |
value | NSGAII | 0.574 | 0.658 | 0.715 | 0.951 | 0.637 | 0.634 | 0.839 | 0.691 | 0.708 |
MOEA/HD | 0.570 | 0.485 | 0.500 | 0.597 | 0.468 | 0.459 | 0.559 | 0.550 | 0.616 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.058 | 0.080 | 0.017 | 0.056 | 0.075 | 0.117 | 0.015 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.058 | 0.016 | 0.153 | 0.056 | 0.122 | 0.024 | 0.109 | 0.150 | 0.178 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.033 | 0.177 | 0.026 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.051 | 0.166 | 0.010 | 0.144 |
MOEA/HD | 0.105 | 0.012 | 0.057 | 0.118 | 0.079 | 0.052 | 0.066 | 0.082 | 0.130 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.456 | 0.561 | 0.600 | 0.796 | 0.543 | 0.685 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.572 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.538 | 0.570 | 0.910 | 0.555 | 0.687 | 0.590 | 0.789 | 0.824 | 0.907 |
value | NSGAII | 0.611 | 0.790 | 0.750 | 1.170 | 0.780 | 0.686 | 1.062 | 0.704 | 0.829 |
MOEA/HD | 0.699 | 0.494 | 0.576 | 0.731 | 0.578 | 0.516 | 0.647 | 0.649 | 0.757 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.447 | 0.456 | 0.527 | 0.690 | 0.525 | 0.633 | 0.641 | 0.632 | 0.552 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.491 | 0.547 | 0.764 | 0.490 | 0.537 | 0.569 | 0.635 | 0.632 | 0.666 |
value | NSGAII | 0.574 | 0.658 | 0.715 | 0.951 | 0.637 | 0.634 | 0.839 | 0.691 | 0.708 |
MOEA/HD | 0.570 | 0.485 | 0.500 | 0.597 | 0.468 | 0.459 | 0.559 | 0.550 | 0.616 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.058 | 0.080 | 0.017 | 0.056 | 0.075 | 0.117 | 0.015 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.058 | 0.016 | 0.153 | 0.056 | 0.122 | 0.024 | 0.109 | 0.150 | 0.178 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.033 | 0.177 | 0.026 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.051 | 0.166 | 0.010 | 0.144 |
MOEA/HD | 0.105 | 0.012 | 0.057 | 0.118 | 0.079 | 0.052 | 0.066 | 0.082 | 0.130 |
Possibility degree |
||||||||||
2MGs | 3MGs | 4MGs | 5MGs | 6MGs | 7MGs | 8MGs | 9MGs | 10MGs | ||
MOEA/CD | 0.341 | 0.442 | 0.556 | 0.384 | 0.553 | 0.607 | 0.490 | 0.418 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.429 | 0.486 | 0.545 | 0.545 | 0.475 | 0.476 | 0.498 | 0.623 | 0.454 |
value | NSGAII | 0.549 | 0.562 | 0.684 | 0.559 | 0.442 | 0.745 | 0.554 | 0.608 | 0.526 |
MOEA/HD | 0.365 | 0.382 | 0.460 | 0.425 | 0.441 | 0.502 | 0.559 | 0.420 | 0.413 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.598 | 0.731 | 0.662 | 0.758 | 0.808 | 0.795 | 0.547 | 0.540 | 0.599 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.462 | 0.622 | 0.583 | 0.682 | 0.587 | 0.592 | 0.601 | 0.640 | 0.626 |
value | NSGAII | 0.648 | 0.737 | 1.110 | 0.606 | 1.058 | 0.875 | 0.742 | 1.148 | 0.590 |
MOEA/HD | 0.485 | 0.487 | 0.555 | 0.518 | 0.499 | 0.675 | 0.580 | 0.711 | 0.574 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.428 | 0.588 | 0.606 | 0.582 | 0.713 | 0.679 | 0.513 | 0.492 | 0.576 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.443 | 0.560 | 0.567 | 0.620 | 0.540 | 0.516 | 0.552 | 0.633 | 0.551 |
value | NSGAII | 0.597 | 0.665 | 0.830 | 0.581 | 0.795 | 0.791 | 0.652 | 0.903 | 0.551 |
MOEA/HD | 0.433 | 0.434 | 0.504 | 0.463 | 0.467 | 0.562 | 0.570 | 0.613 | 0.509 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.120 | 0.118 | 0.043 | 0.154 | 0.113 | 0.083 | 0.024 | 0.053 | 0.029 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.014 | 0.056 | 0.016 | 0.057 | 0.048 | 0.054 | 0.042 | 0.007 | 0.072 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.040 | 0.075 | 0.199 | 0.019 | 0.259 | 0.059 | 0.077 | 0.223 | 0.028 |
MOEA/HD | 0.050 | 0.043 | 0.039 | 0.040 | 0.024 | 0.080 | 0.008 | 0.137 | 0.069 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.456 | 0.561 | 0.600 | 0.796 | 0.543 | 0.685 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.572 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.538 | 0.570 | 0.910 | 0.555 | 0.687 | 0.590 | 0.789 | 0.824 | 0.907 |
value | NSGAII | 0.611 | 0.790 | 0.750 | 1.170 | 0.780 | 0.686 | 1.062 | 0.704 | 0.829 |
MOEA/HD | 0.699 | 0.494 | 0.576 | 0.731 | 0.578 | 0.516 | 0.647 | 0.649 | 0.757 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.447 | 0.456 | 0.527 | 0.690 | 0.525 | 0.633 | 0.641 | 0.632 | 0.552 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.491 | 0.547 | 0.764 | 0.490 | 0.537 | 0.569 | 0.635 | 0.632 | 0.666 |
value | NSGAII | 0.574 | 0.658 | 0.715 | 0.951 | 0.637 | 0.634 | 0.839 | 0.691 | 0.708 |
MOEA/HD | 0.570 | 0.485 | 0.500 | 0.597 | 0.468 | 0.459 | 0.559 | 0.550 | 0.616 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.058 | 0.080 | 0.017 | 0.056 | 0.075 | 0.117 | 0.015 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.058 | 0.016 | 0.153 | 0.056 | 0.122 | 0.024 | 0.109 | 0.150 | 0.178 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.033 | 0.177 | 0.026 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.051 | 0.166 | 0.010 | 0.144 |
MOEA/HD | 0.105 | 0.012 | 0.057 | 0.118 | 0.079 | 0.052 | 0.066 | 0.082 | 0.130 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.456 | 0.561 | 0.600 | 0.796 | 0.543 | 0.685 | 0.726 | 0.784 | 0.572 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.538 | 0.570 | 0.910 | 0.555 | 0.687 | 0.590 | 0.789 | 0.824 | 0.907 |
value | NSGAII | 0.611 | 0.790 | 0.750 | 1.170 | 0.780 | 0.686 | 1.062 | 0.704 | 0.829 |
MOEA/HD | 0.699 | 0.494 | 0.576 | 0.731 | 0.578 | 0.516 | 0.647 | 0.649 | 0.757 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.447 | 0.456 | 0.527 | 0.690 | 0.525 | 0.633 | 0.641 | 0.632 | 0.552 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.491 | 0.547 | 0.764 | 0.490 | 0.537 | 0.569 | 0.635 | 0.632 | 0.666 |
value | NSGAII | 0.574 | 0.658 | 0.715 | 0.951 | 0.637 | 0.634 | 0.839 | 0.691 | 0.708 |
MOEA/HD | 0.570 | 0.485 | 0.500 | 0.597 | 0.468 | 0.459 | 0.559 | 0.550 | 0.616 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.009 | 0.101 | 0.058 | 0.080 | 0.017 | 0.056 | 0.075 | 0.117 | 0.015 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.058 | 0.016 | 0.153 | 0.056 | 0.122 | 0.024 | 0.109 | 0.150 | 0.178 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.033 | 0.177 | 0.026 | 0.167 | 0.125 | 0.051 | 0.166 | 0.010 | 0.144 |
MOEA/HD | 0.105 | 0.012 | 0.057 | 0.118 | 0.079 | 0.052 | 0.066 | 0.082 | 0.130 |
Possibility degree |
||||||||||
2MGs | 3MGs | 4MGs | 5MGs | 6MGs | 7MGs | 8MGs | 9MGs | 10MGs | ||
MOEA/CD | 0.948 | 0.857 | 0.940 | 0.948 | 0.929 | 0.895 | 0.820 | 0.885 | 0.906 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.958 | 0.953 | 0.881 | 1 | 0.976 | 1 | 0.899 | 0.927 | 0.910 |
result | NSGAII | 0.654 | 0.614 | 0.606 | 0.683 | 0.700 | 0.627 | 0.522 | 0.647 | 0.686 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.985 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.991 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.880 | 0.831 | 0.907 | 0.822 | 0.896 | 0.801 | 0.795 | 0.865 | 0.888 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.935 | 0.868 | 0.832 | 0.944 | 0.914 | 0.942 | 0.782 | 0.899 | 0.857 |
result | NSGAII | 0.599 | 0.550 | 0.515 | 0.621 | 0.677 | 0.490 | 0.473 | 0.617 | 0.612 |
MOEA/HD | 0.913 | 0.965 | 0.925 | 0.944 | 0.961 | 0.991 | 0.959 | 0.896 | 0.967 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.916 | 0.844 | 0.923 | 0.887 | 0.914 | 0.844 | 0.805 | 0.874 | 0.898 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.946 | 0.923 | 0.854 | 0.974 | 0.942 | 0.967 | 0.823 | 0.909 | 0.889 |
value | NSGAII | 0.633 | 0.590 | 0.556 | 0.657 | 0.689 | 0.576 | 0.504 | 0.627 | 0.642 |
MOEA/HD | 0.959 | 0.985 | 0.956 | 0.971 | 0.987 | 0.997 | 0.983 | 0.96 | 0.978 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.028 | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.052 | 0.013 | 0.039 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.008 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.009 | 0.038 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.024 | 0.054 | 0.013 | 0.023 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.024 | 0.029 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.009 | 0.061 | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.032 |
MOEA/HD | 0.036 | 0.015 | 0.032 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.004 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.01 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.884 | 0.901 | 0.882 | 0.901 | 0.945 | 0.838 | 0.921 | 0.912 | 0.913 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.870 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.919 | 0.975 | 0.956 | 1 | 0.987 |
value | NSGAII | 0.629 | 0.576 | 0.748 | 0.774 | 0.587 | 0.66 | 0.672 | 0.575 | 0.617 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.957 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.966 | 1 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.864 | 0.832 | 0.869 | 0.876 | 0.872 | 0.822 | 0.871 | 0.895 | 0.905 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.862 | 0.994 | 0.966 | 0.973 | 0.888 | 0.952 | 0.921 | 0.99 | 0.949 |
value | NSGAII | 0.610 | 0.543 | 0.726 | 0.720 | 0.554 | 0.647 | 0.604 | 0.560 | 0.601 |
MOEA/HD | 0.987 | 0.974 | 0.942 | 0.937 | 0.987 | 0.971 | 0.968 | 0.960 | 0.975 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.017 | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.052 | 0.012 | 0.039 | 0.020 | 0.051 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.029 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.025 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 0.030 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.017 | 0.038 | 0.031 | 0.013 | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.012 |
MOEA/HD | 0.018 | 0.028 | 0.049 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.004 | 0.035 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.886 | 0.972 | 0.8794 | 0.882 | 0.963 | 0.780 | 0.889 | 0.950 | 0.784 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.909 | 0.921 | 0.954 | 1 | 0.990 | 0.890 | 0.987 | 1 | 1 |
value | NSGAII | 0.540 | 0.802 | 0.571 | 0.631 | 0.615 | 0.558 | 0.913 | 0.754 | 0.772 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 0.970 | 1 | 1 | 0.968 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.843 | 0.779 | 0.855 | 0.861 | 0.826 | 0.808 | 0.827 | 0.867 | 0.900 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.858 | 0.982 | 0.930 | 0.957 | 0.869 | 0.917 | 0.865 | 0.976 | 0.912 |
value | NSGAII | 0.587 | 0.515 | 0.708 | 0.692 | 0.512 | 0.629 | 0.549 | 0.550 | 0.586 |
MOEA/HD | 0.962 | 0.936 | 0.881 | 0.924 | 0.962 | 0.912 | 0.921 | 0.956 | 0.926 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.826 | 0.938 | 0.847 | 0.814 | 0.957 | 0.747 | 0.872 | 0.868 | 0.727 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.903 | 0.902 | 0.899 | 0.929 | 0.966 | 0.871 | 0.964 | 0.998 | 0.902 |
value | NSGAII | 0.520 | 0.773 | 0.532 | 0.589 | 0.611 | 0.515 | 0.870 | 0.720 | 0.669 |
MOEA/HD | 0.987 | 0.961 | 0.958 | 0.979 | 0.957 | 0.936 | 0.995 | 0.941 | 0.988 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.045 | 0.025 | 0.038 | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.028 | 0.018 | 0.058 | 0.052 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.005 | 0.025 | 0.041 | 0.060 | 0.0310 | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.002 | 0.069 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.017 | 0.022 | 0.034 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.0280 | 0.0930 |
MOEA/HD | 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.021 | 0.014 | 0.056 | 0.005 | 0.044 | 0.011 |
Possibility degree |
||||||||||
2MGs | 3MGs | 4MGs | 5MGs | 6MGs | 7MGs | 8MGs | 9MGs | 10MGs | ||
MOEA/CD | 0.948 | 0.857 | 0.940 | 0.948 | 0.929 | 0.895 | 0.820 | 0.885 | 0.906 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.958 | 0.953 | 0.881 | 1 | 0.976 | 1 | 0.899 | 0.927 | 0.910 |
result | NSGAII | 0.654 | 0.614 | 0.606 | 0.683 | 0.700 | 0.627 | 0.522 | 0.647 | 0.686 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.985 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.991 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.880 | 0.831 | 0.907 | 0.822 | 0.896 | 0.801 | 0.795 | 0.865 | 0.888 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.935 | 0.868 | 0.832 | 0.944 | 0.914 | 0.942 | 0.782 | 0.899 | 0.857 |
result | NSGAII | 0.599 | 0.550 | 0.515 | 0.621 | 0.677 | 0.490 | 0.473 | 0.617 | 0.612 |
MOEA/HD | 0.913 | 0.965 | 0.925 | 0.944 | 0.961 | 0.991 | 0.959 | 0.896 | 0.967 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.916 | 0.844 | 0.923 | 0.887 | 0.914 | 0.844 | 0.805 | 0.874 | 0.898 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.946 | 0.923 | 0.854 | 0.974 | 0.942 | 0.967 | 0.823 | 0.909 | 0.889 |
value | NSGAII | 0.633 | 0.590 | 0.556 | 0.657 | 0.689 | 0.576 | 0.504 | 0.627 | 0.642 |
MOEA/HD | 0.959 | 0.985 | 0.956 | 0.971 | 0.987 | 0.997 | 0.983 | 0.96 | 0.978 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.028 | 0.011 | 0.014 | 0.052 | 0.013 | 0.039 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.008 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.009 | 0.038 | 0.020 | 0.023 | 0.025 | 0.024 | 0.054 | 0.013 | 0.023 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.024 | 0.029 | 0.038 | 0.026 | 0.009 | 0.061 | 0.022 | 0.014 | 0.032 |
MOEA/HD | 0.036 | 0.015 | 0.032 | 0.019 | 0.018 | 0.004 | 0.018 | 0.046 | 0.01 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.884 | 0.901 | 0.882 | 0.901 | 0.945 | 0.838 | 0.921 | 0.912 | 0.913 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.870 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.919 | 0.975 | 0.956 | 1 | 0.987 |
value | NSGAII | 0.629 | 0.576 | 0.748 | 0.774 | 0.587 | 0.66 | 0.672 | 0.575 | 0.617 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.957 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0.966 | 1 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.435 | 0.320 | 0.454 | 0.602 | 0.502 | 0.556 | 0.543 | 0.498 | 0.535 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.409 | 0.535 | 0.553 | 0.419 | 0.387 | 0.535 | 0.546 | 0.458 | 0.483 |
value | NSGAII | 0.530 | 0.408 | 0.686 | 0.766 | 0.475 | 0.566 | 0.664 | 0.680 | 0.506 |
MOEA/HD | 0.442 | 0.469 | 0.439 | 0.444 | 0.396 | 0.390 | 0.488 | 0.449 | 0.444 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.864 | 0.832 | 0.869 | 0.876 | 0.872 | 0.822 | 0.871 | 0.895 | 0.905 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.862 | 0.994 | 0.966 | 0.973 | 0.888 | 0.952 | 0.921 | 0.99 | 0.949 |
value | NSGAII | 0.610 | 0.543 | 0.726 | 0.720 | 0.554 | 0.647 | 0.604 | 0.560 | 0.601 |
MOEA/HD | 0.987 | 0.974 | 0.942 | 0.937 | 0.987 | 0.971 | 0.968 | 0.960 | 0.975 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.017 | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.018 | 0.052 | 0.012 | 0.039 | 0.020 | 0.051 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.006 | 0.009 | 0.029 | 0.019 | 0.022 | 0.025 | 0.040 | 0.010 | 0.030 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.017 | 0.025 | 0.017 | 0.038 | 0.031 | 0.013 | 0.051 | 0.011 | 0.012 |
MOEA/HD | 0.018 | 0.028 | 0.049 | 0.014 | 0.018 | 0.041 | 0.034 | 0.004 | 0.035 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.886 | 0.972 | 0.8794 | 0.882 | 0.963 | 0.780 | 0.889 | 0.950 | 0.784 | |
Best | MOEA/FD | 0.909 | 0.921 | 0.954 | 1 | 0.990 | 0.890 | 0.987 | 1 | 1 |
value | NSGAII | 0.540 | 0.802 | 0.571 | 0.631 | 0.615 | 0.558 | 0.913 | 0.754 | 0.772 |
MOEA/HD | 1 | 0.970 | 1 | 1 | 0.968 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.843 | 0.779 | 0.855 | 0.861 | 0.826 | 0.808 | 0.827 | 0.867 | 0.900 | |
Worst | MOEA/FD | 0.858 | 0.982 | 0.930 | 0.957 | 0.869 | 0.917 | 0.865 | 0.976 | 0.912 |
value | NSGAII | 0.587 | 0.515 | 0.708 | 0.692 | 0.512 | 0.629 | 0.549 | 0.550 | 0.586 |
MOEA/HD | 0.962 | 0.936 | 0.881 | 0.924 | 0.962 | 0.912 | 0.921 | 0.956 | 0.926 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.826 | 0.938 | 0.847 | 0.814 | 0.957 | 0.747 | 0.872 | 0.868 | 0.727 | |
Mean | MOEA/FD | 0.903 | 0.902 | 0.899 | 0.929 | 0.966 | 0.871 | 0.964 | 0.998 | 0.902 |
value | NSGAII | 0.520 | 0.773 | 0.532 | 0.589 | 0.611 | 0.515 | 0.870 | 0.720 | 0.669 |
MOEA/HD | 0.987 | 0.961 | 0.958 | 0.979 | 0.957 | 0.936 | 0.995 | 0.941 | 0.988 | |
MOEA/CD | 0.045 | 0.025 | 0.038 | 0.049 | 0.005 | 0.028 | 0.018 | 0.058 | 0.052 | |
Standard | MOEA/FD | 0.005 | 0.025 | 0.041 | 0.060 | 0.0310 | 0.022 | 0.026 | 0.002 | 0.069 |
deviation | NSGAII | 0.017 | 0.022 | 0.034 | 0.030 | 0.004 | 0.031 | 0.030 | 0.0280 | 0.0930 |
MOEA/HD | 0.018 | 0.007 | 0.036 | 0.021 | 0.014 | 0.056 | 0.005 | 0.044 | 0.011 |
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