Figure 1.
Comparison of the expected optimal consumption rate with and without habit formation
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Optimal investment, consumption and life insurance strategies under stochastic differential utility with habit formation
| 1. | China Institute for Actuarial Science, Central University of Finance and Economics, Beijing, 100081, China |
| 2. | Key Laboratory of Advanced Theory and Application in Statistics and Data Science-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China |
This paper studies the optimal investment, consumption and life insurance decisions of an agent under stochastic differential utility. The optimal choice is obtained through dynamic programming method. We state a verification theorem using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. For the special case of Epstein-Zin preferences, we derive the analytical solution to the problem. Moreover, we explore the effects of habit formation and of the elasticity of the utility function on the optimal decision through a numerical simulation based on Chinese mortality rates. We show that habit formation does not change the basic shape of the consumption and bequest curves. With habit formation, the optimal consumption curve moves up with lower initial consumption, while the bequest curve moves down. Increasing the value of initial habit formation slightly decreases both optimal consumption and bequests. The changes in the habit formation parameters have a greater impact on the curves than does a change in the initial habit formation.
Keywords:
Stochastic differential utility,
habit formation,
lifetime uncertainty,
utility from bequests,
dynamic programming.
Mathematics Subject Classification:
Primary: 91G05, 49L20; Secondary: 93E20.
Citation:
Jingzhen Liu, Shiqi Yan, Shan Jiang, Jiaqin Wei.
Optimal investment, consumption and life insurance strategies under stochastic differential utility with habit formation. Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, doi: 10.3934/jimo.2022040
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References:
| [1] |
A. B. Abel,
Asset prices under habit formation and catching up with the joneses, The American Economic Review, 80 (1990), 38-42.
doi: 10.3386/w3279. |
| [2] |
C. D. Carroll and D. N. Weil, Saving and growth: A reinterpretation, In Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy, Elsevier, 40 (1994), 133–192.
doi: 10.3386/w4470. |
| [3] |
F. De Jong and Y. Zhou, Portfolio and consumption choice with habit formation under inflation, Working Paper. |
| [4] |
D. Duffie and L. G. Epstein,
Stochastic differential utility, Econometrica, 60 (1992), 353-394.
doi: 10.2307/2951600. |
| [5] |
L. G. Epstein and S. E. Zin,
Substitution, risk aversion, and the temporal behavior of consumption and asset returns: An empirical analysis, Journal of political Economy, 99 (1991), 263-286.
|
| [6] |
N. Gârleanu and S. Panageas,
Young, old, conservative, and bold: The implications of heterogeneity and finite lives for asset pricing, Journal of Political Economy, 123 (2015), 670-685.
|
| [7] |
R. E. Hall,
Intertemporal substitution in consumption, Journal of political economy, 96 (1988), 339-357.
doi: 10.3386/w0720. |
| [8] |
J. Hicks,
Capital and growth, New York Journal of Applied Econometrics, 28 (1965), 527-550.
|
| [9] |
N. R. Jensen,
Life insurance decisions under recursive utility, Scand. Actuar. J., 2019 (2019), 204-227.
doi: 10.1080/03461238.2018.1541025. |
| [10] |
H. Kraft and F. T. Seifried,
Foundations of continuous-time recursive utility: Differentiability and normalization of certainty equivalents, Math. Financ. Econ., 3 (2010), 115-138.
doi: 10.1007/s11579-010-0030-1. |
| [11] |
H. Kraft and F. T. Seifried,
Stochastic differential utility as the continuous-time limit of recursive utility, J. Econom. Theory, 151 (2014), 528-550.
doi: 10.1016/j.jet.2013.12.007. |
| [12] |
H. Kraft, F. T. Seifried and M. Steffensen,
Consumption-portfolio optimization with recursive utility in incomplete markets, Finance Stoch., 17 (2013), 161-196.
doi: 10.1007/s00780-012-0184-1. |
| [13] |
D. M. Kreps and E. L. Porteus,
Temporal resolution of uncertainty and dynamic choice theory, Econometrica, 46 (1978), 185-200.
doi: 10.2307/1913656. |
| [14] |
N. Li, G. Wang and Z. Wu, Linear–quadratic optimal control for time-delay stochastic system with recursive utility under full and partial information, Automatica, 121 (2020), 109169, 9 pp.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109169. |
| [15] |
W. Li, K. S. Tan and P. Wei,
Demand for non-life insurance under habit formation, Insurance Math. Econom., 101 (2021), 38-54.
doi: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2020.06.012. |
| [16] |
J. Liu, L. Lin and H. Meng,
Optimal consumption, life insurance and investment decisions with habit formation, Acta Math. Appl. Sin., 43 (2020), 517-534.
|
| [17] |
R. Mehra and E. C. Prescott,
The equity premium: A puzzle, Journal of Monetary Economics, 15 (1985), 145-161.
doi: 10.1016/0304-3932(85)90061-3. |
| [18] |
R. C. Merton,
Lifetime portfolio selection under uncertainty: The continuous-time case, The review of Economics and Statistics, 51 (1969), 247-257.
doi: 10.2307/1926560. |
| [19] |
S. F. Richard,
Optimal consumption, portfolio and life insurance rules for an uncertain lived individual in a continuous time model, Journal of Financial Economics, 2 (1975), 187-203.
doi: 10.1016/0304-405X(75)90004-5. |
| [20] |
M. E. Yaari,
Uncertain lifetime, life insurance, and the theory of the consumer, The Review of Economic Studies, 32 (1965), 137-150.
doi: 10.2307/2296058. |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
A. B. Abel,
Asset prices under habit formation and catching up with the joneses, The American Economic Review, 80 (1990), 38-42.
doi: 10.3386/w3279. |
| [2] |
C. D. Carroll and D. N. Weil, Saving and growth: A reinterpretation, In Carnegie-Rochester conference series on public policy, Elsevier, 40 (1994), 133–192.
doi: 10.3386/w4470. |
| [3] |
F. De Jong and Y. Zhou, Portfolio and consumption choice with habit formation under inflation, Working Paper. |
| [4] |
D. Duffie and L. G. Epstein,
Stochastic differential utility, Econometrica, 60 (1992), 353-394.
doi: 10.2307/2951600. |
| [5] |
L. G. Epstein and S. E. Zin,
Substitution, risk aversion, and the temporal behavior of consumption and asset returns: An empirical analysis, Journal of political Economy, 99 (1991), 263-286.
|
| [6] |
N. Gârleanu and S. Panageas,
Young, old, conservative, and bold: The implications of heterogeneity and finite lives for asset pricing, Journal of Political Economy, 123 (2015), 670-685.
|
| [7] |
R. E. Hall,
Intertemporal substitution in consumption, Journal of political economy, 96 (1988), 339-357.
doi: 10.3386/w0720. |
| [8] |
J. Hicks,
Capital and growth, New York Journal of Applied Econometrics, 28 (1965), 527-550.
|
| [9] |
N. R. Jensen,
Life insurance decisions under recursive utility, Scand. Actuar. J., 2019 (2019), 204-227.
doi: 10.1080/03461238.2018.1541025. |
| [10] |
H. Kraft and F. T. Seifried,
Foundations of continuous-time recursive utility: Differentiability and normalization of certainty equivalents, Math. Financ. Econ., 3 (2010), 115-138.
doi: 10.1007/s11579-010-0030-1. |
| [11] |
H. Kraft and F. T. Seifried,
Stochastic differential utility as the continuous-time limit of recursive utility, J. Econom. Theory, 151 (2014), 528-550.
doi: 10.1016/j.jet.2013.12.007. |
| [12] |
H. Kraft, F. T. Seifried and M. Steffensen,
Consumption-portfolio optimization with recursive utility in incomplete markets, Finance Stoch., 17 (2013), 161-196.
doi: 10.1007/s00780-012-0184-1. |
| [13] |
D. M. Kreps and E. L. Porteus,
Temporal resolution of uncertainty and dynamic choice theory, Econometrica, 46 (1978), 185-200.
doi: 10.2307/1913656. |
| [14] |
N. Li, G. Wang and Z. Wu, Linear–quadratic optimal control for time-delay stochastic system with recursive utility under full and partial information, Automatica, 121 (2020), 109169, 9 pp.
doi: 10.1016/j.automatica.2020.109169. |
| [15] |
W. Li, K. S. Tan and P. Wei,
Demand for non-life insurance under habit formation, Insurance Math. Econom., 101 (2021), 38-54.
doi: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2020.06.012. |
| [16] |
J. Liu, L. Lin and H. Meng,
Optimal consumption, life insurance and investment decisions with habit formation, Acta Math. Appl. Sin., 43 (2020), 517-534.
|
| [17] |
R. Mehra and E. C. Prescott,
The equity premium: A puzzle, Journal of Monetary Economics, 15 (1985), 145-161.
doi: 10.1016/0304-3932(85)90061-3. |
| [18] |
R. C. Merton,
Lifetime portfolio selection under uncertainty: The continuous-time case, The review of Economics and Statistics, 51 (1969), 247-257.
doi: 10.2307/1926560. |
| [19] |
S. F. Richard,
Optimal consumption, portfolio and life insurance rules for an uncertain lived individual in a continuous time model, Journal of Financial Economics, 2 (1975), 187-203.
doi: 10.1016/0304-405X(75)90004-5. |
| [20] |
M. E. Yaari,
Uncertain lifetime, life insurance, and the theory of the consumer, The Review of Economic Studies, 32 (1965), 137-150.
doi: 10.2307/2296058. |
Figure 2.
Comparison of the bequests with and without habit formation
Figure 3.
Comparison of actual consumption with and without habit formation
Figure 4.
Effect of $ \beta $ on consumption
Figure 5.
Effect of $ \beta $ on bequest
Figure 6.
Effect of $ \beta $ on habit formation
Figure 7.
Effect of $ \beta $ on actual consumption
Figure 8.
Effect of $ \alpha $ on consumption
Figure 9.
Effect of $ \alpha $ on bequest
Figure 10.
Effect of $ \alpha $ on habit formation
Figure 11.
Effect of $ \alpha $ on actual consumption
Figure 12.
Effect of $ h_{0} $ on consumption
Figure 13.
Effect of $ h_{0} $ on bequest
Figure 14.
Effect of $ h_{0} $ on habit formation
Figure 15.
Effect of $ h_{0} $ on actual consumption
Table 1.
Values of the parameters
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