Entropy is the only finitely observable invariant

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January 2007, 1(1): 93-105. doi: 10.3934/jmd.2007.1.93

Entropy is the only finitely observable invariant

Donald Ornstein ^1, and Benjamin Weiss ^2,

1.	Department of Mathematics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
2.	Einstein Institute of Mathematics, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel

Received May 2006 Published October 2006

Abstract
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Our main purpose is to present a surprising new characterization of the Shannon entropy of stationary ergodic processes. We will use two basic concepts: isomorphism of stationary processes and a notion of finite observability, and we will see how one is led, inevitably, to Shannon's entropy. A function $J$ with values in some metric space, defined on all finite-valued, stationary, ergodic processes is said to be finitely observable (FO) if there is a sequence of functions $S_{n}(x_{1},x_{2},...,x_{n})$ that for all processes $\mathcal{X}$ converges to $J(\mathcal{X})$ for almost every realization $x_{1}^{\infty}$ of $\mathcal{X}$. It is called an invariant if it returns the same value for isomorphic processes. We show that any finitely observable invariant is necessarily a continuous function of the entropy. Several extensions of this result will also be given.

Keywords: finitely observable, entropy, isomorphism invariants, finitary isomorphism..

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 37A35, Secondary 60G10. .

Citation: Donald Ornstein, Benjamin Weiss. Entropy is the only finitely observable invariant. Journal of Modern Dynamics, 2007, 1 (1) : 93-105. doi: 10.3934/jmd.2007.1.93

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