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June  2012, 5(2): 237-260. doi: 10.3934/krm.2012.5.237

## Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamics at the Burnett level

Received  October 2011 Revised  November 2011 Published  April 2012

The hydrodynamics at the Burnett level is discussed in detail. First we explain the shortest way to derive the classical Burnett equations from the Boltzmann equation. Then we sketch all the computations needed for details of these equations. It is well known that the classical Burnett equations are ill-posed. We therefore explain how to make a regularization of these equations and derive the well-posed generalized Burnett equations (GBEs). We discuss briefly an optimal choice of free parameters in GBEs and consider a specific version of these equations. It is remarkable that this version of GBEs is even simpler than the original Burnett equations, it contains only third derivatives of density. Finally we prove a linear stability for GBEs. We also present some numerical results on the sound propagation based on GBEs and compare them with the Navier-Stokes results and experimental data.
Citation: Alexander Bobylev, Åsa Windfäll. Boltzmann equation and hydrodynamics at the Burnett level. Kinetic & Related Models, 2012, 5 (2) : 237-260. doi: 10.3934/krm.2012.5.237
##### References:
 [1] M. Bisi, M. P. Cassinari and M. Groppi, Qualitative analysis of the generalized Burnett equations and applications to half-space problems,, Kinet. Relat. Models, 1 (2008), 295.  doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.295.  Google Scholar [2] A. V. Bobylev, The Chapman-Enskog and Grad methods for solving the Boltzmann equation,, Sov. Phys. Dokl., 27 (1982), 29.   Google Scholar [3] A. V. Bobylev, Instabilities in the Chapman-Enskog expansion and hyperbolic Burnett equations,, J. Stat. Phys., 124 (2006), 371.  doi: 10.1007/s10955-005-8087-6.  Google Scholar [4] A. V. Bobylev, Generalized Burnett hydrodynamics,, J. Stat. Phys., 132 (2008), 569.   Google Scholar [5] A. V. Bobylev, M. Bisi, M. P. Cassinari and G. Spiga, Shock wave structure for generalized Burnett equations,, Phys. of Fluids, 23 (2011).   Google Scholar [6] D. Burnett, The distribution of velocities in a slightly non-uniform gas,, Proc. London. Math. Soc., 39 (1935), 385.  doi: 10.1112/plms/s2-39.1.385.  Google Scholar [7] D. Burnett, The distribution of molecular velocities and the mean motion in a non-uniform gas,, Proc. London. Math. Soc., 40 (1935), 382.  doi: 10.1112/plms/s2-40.1.382.  Google Scholar [8] C. Cercignani, "The Boltzmann Equation and its Applications,'', Springer-Verlag, (1988).   Google Scholar [9] S. Chapman and T. G. Cowling, "The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases,", Cambrige University Press, (1990).   Google Scholar [10] J. H. Ferziger and H. G. Kaper, "Mathematical Theory of Transport Processes in Gases,", North-Holland, (1972).   Google Scholar [11] S. Jin and M. Slemrod, Regularization of the Burnett equations via relaxation,, J. Stat. Phys., 103 (2001), 1009.  doi: 10.1023/A:1010365123288.  Google Scholar [12] M. N. Kogan, "Rarefied Gas Dynamics,", Plenum Press, (1969).   Google Scholar [13] M. M. Postnikov, "Stable Polynomials,", Nauka, (1981).   Google Scholar [14] M. Slemrod, A normalization method for the Chapman-Enskog expansion,, Physica D, 109 (1997), 257.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(97)00068-7.  Google Scholar [15] M. Slemrod, Constitutive relations for monoatomic gases based on a generalized rational approximation to the sum of the Chapman-Enskog expansion,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal, 150 (1999), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s002050050178.  Google Scholar [16] M. Slemrod, In the Chapman-Enskog expansion the Burnett coefficients satisfy the universal relation $\omega_3+\omega_4+\theta_3=0$,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 161 (2002), 339.  doi: 10.1007/s002050100180.  Google Scholar [17] M. Torrilon and H. Struchtrup, Regularized 13 moment equations: Shock structure calculations and comparison to Burnett models,, J. Fluid Mech., 513 (2004), 171.  doi: 10.1017/S0022112004009917.  Google Scholar [18] C. Truesdell and R. G. Muncaster, "Fundamental of Maxwell's Kinetic Theory of a Simple Monoatomic Gas,", Academic Press, (1980).   Google Scholar

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##### References:
 [1] M. Bisi, M. P. Cassinari and M. Groppi, Qualitative analysis of the generalized Burnett equations and applications to half-space problems,, Kinet. Relat. Models, 1 (2008), 295.  doi: 10.3934/krm.2008.1.295.  Google Scholar [2] A. V. Bobylev, The Chapman-Enskog and Grad methods for solving the Boltzmann equation,, Sov. Phys. Dokl., 27 (1982), 29.   Google Scholar [3] A. V. Bobylev, Instabilities in the Chapman-Enskog expansion and hyperbolic Burnett equations,, J. Stat. Phys., 124 (2006), 371.  doi: 10.1007/s10955-005-8087-6.  Google Scholar [4] A. V. Bobylev, Generalized Burnett hydrodynamics,, J. Stat. Phys., 132 (2008), 569.   Google Scholar [5] A. V. Bobylev, M. Bisi, M. P. Cassinari and G. Spiga, Shock wave structure for generalized Burnett equations,, Phys. of Fluids, 23 (2011).   Google Scholar [6] D. Burnett, The distribution of velocities in a slightly non-uniform gas,, Proc. London. Math. Soc., 39 (1935), 385.  doi: 10.1112/plms/s2-39.1.385.  Google Scholar [7] D. Burnett, The distribution of molecular velocities and the mean motion in a non-uniform gas,, Proc. London. Math. Soc., 40 (1935), 382.  doi: 10.1112/plms/s2-40.1.382.  Google Scholar [8] C. Cercignani, "The Boltzmann Equation and its Applications,'', Springer-Verlag, (1988).   Google Scholar [9] S. Chapman and T. G. Cowling, "The Mathematical Theory of Non-Uniform Gases,", Cambrige University Press, (1990).   Google Scholar [10] J. H. Ferziger and H. G. Kaper, "Mathematical Theory of Transport Processes in Gases,", North-Holland, (1972).   Google Scholar [11] S. Jin and M. Slemrod, Regularization of the Burnett equations via relaxation,, J. Stat. Phys., 103 (2001), 1009.  doi: 10.1023/A:1010365123288.  Google Scholar [12] M. N. Kogan, "Rarefied Gas Dynamics,", Plenum Press, (1969).   Google Scholar [13] M. M. Postnikov, "Stable Polynomials,", Nauka, (1981).   Google Scholar [14] M. Slemrod, A normalization method for the Chapman-Enskog expansion,, Physica D, 109 (1997), 257.  doi: 10.1016/S0167-2789(97)00068-7.  Google Scholar [15] M. Slemrod, Constitutive relations for monoatomic gases based on a generalized rational approximation to the sum of the Chapman-Enskog expansion,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal, 150 (1999), 1.  doi: 10.1007/s002050050178.  Google Scholar [16] M. Slemrod, In the Chapman-Enskog expansion the Burnett coefficients satisfy the universal relation $\omega_3+\omega_4+\theta_3=0$,, Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., 161 (2002), 339.  doi: 10.1007/s002050100180.  Google Scholar [17] M. Torrilon and H. Struchtrup, Regularized 13 moment equations: Shock structure calculations and comparison to Burnett models,, J. Fluid Mech., 513 (2004), 171.  doi: 10.1017/S0022112004009917.  Google Scholar [18] C. Truesdell and R. G. Muncaster, "Fundamental of Maxwell's Kinetic Theory of a Simple Monoatomic Gas,", Academic Press, (1980).   Google Scholar
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