Starting from kinetic models of cold magnetized collisionless plasmas, we provide a complete description of the characteristic variety sustaining electromagnetic wave propagation. As in [
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Figure 6. Oblique propagation for angles $ \varpi \in \, ] 0, \pi / 2] \, $: -Ordinary waves ${{\text{V}}_{o}}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )=\text{V}_{o}^{-}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )\sqcup \text{V}_{\text{o}}^{\text{+}}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )$ in blue; -Extraordinary waves ${{\text{V}}_{x}}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )=\text{V}_{x}^{-}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )\sqcup \text{V}_{\text{x}}^{\text{+}}(\mathbf{x},\varpi )$ in red
Figure 9. The characteristic variety in the variables $(\tau, \varpi, r)$. From left to right: $ \mathcal{V}_{\text{o}}^{\text{-}}(\mathbf{x}),\text{ }\mathcal{V}_{\text{x}}^{\text{-}}(\mathbf{x}),\text{ }\mathcal{V}_{\text{o}}^{\text{+}}(\mathbf{x})$ and $ \mathcal{V}_{\text{x}}^{\text{+}}(\mathbf{x})$
Figure 17. Whistler-mode chorus: Spectrogram of the electromagnetic field [34]
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Spherical coordinates of
Spherical coordinates of
Parallel propagation (
Oblique propagation for angles
Parallel propagation (
Evolution of
The characteristic variety in the variables
Graph of
Graph of
Ordinary resonance cone.
Extraordinary resonance cone.
The extraordinary sphere nested into the ordinary sphere, for
Asymptotic merge of the ordinary and extraordinary spheres, for
Parallel propagation (
Spectrogram of chorus emission
The characteristic variety as a graph of functions depending on
Whistler-mode chorus: Spectrogram of the electromagnetic field [34]