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2006, 3(1): 249-266. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2006.3.249

Raves, clubs and ecstasy: the impact of peer pressure

Baojun Song 1, , Melissa Castillo-Garsow 2, , Karen R. Ríos-Soto 3, , Marcin Mejran 4, , Leilani Henso 5, and  Carlos Castillo-Chavez 6,

1. 

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montclair State University, Upper Montclair, NJ 07043
2. 

American Studies & African American Studies, Graduate Affiliate, Ethnicity, Race & Migration Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, United States
3. 

Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
4. 

Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, United States
5. 

Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washignton DC, 20059, United States
6. 

Mathematics, Computational and Modeling Sciences Center, Arizona State University, PO Box 871904, Tempe, AZ 85287

Received  February 2005 Revised  May 2005 Published  November 2005

Ecstasy has gained popularity among young adults who frequent raves and nightclubs. The Drug Enforcement Administration reported a 500 percent increase in the use of ecstasy between 1993 and 1998. The number of ecstasy users kept growing until 2002, years after a national public education initiative against ecstasy use was launched. In this study, a system of differential equations is used to model the peer-driven dynamics of ecstasy use. It is found that backward bifurcations describe situations when sufficient peer pressure can cause an epidemic of ecstasy use. Furthermore, factors that have the greatest influence on ecstasy use as predicted by the model are highlighted. The effect of education is also explored, and the results of simulations are shown to illustrate some possible outcomes.
Keywords: drug abuse, dynamical models, global dynamics, peer pressure, bifurcation..
Mathematics Subject Classification: 37N25, 91C20, 37G1.
Citation: Baojun Song, Melissa Castillo-Garsow, Karen R. Ríos-Soto, Marcin Mejran, Leilani Henso, Carlos Castillo-Chavez. Raves, clubs and ecstasy: the impact of peer pressure. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2006, 3 (1) : 249-266. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2006.3.249
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