Modeling diseases with latency and relapse

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2007, 4(2): 205-219. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2007.4.205

Modeling diseases with latency and relapse

P. van den Driessche ^1, , Lin Wang ^2, and Xingfu Zou ^3,

1.	Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria B.C., Canada V8W 3P4
2.	Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada, V8W 3P4, Canada
3.	Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada

Received June 2006 Revised November 2006 Published February 2007

Abstract
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A general mathematical model for a disease with an exposed (latent) period and relapse is proposed. Such a model is appropriate for tuberculosis, including bovine tuberculosis in cattle and wildlife, and for herpes. For this model with a general probability of remaining in the exposed class, the basic reproduction number $\R_0$ is identified and its threshold property is discussed. In particular, the disease-free equilibrium is proved to be globally asymptotically stable if $\R_0<1$. If the probability of remaining in the exposed class is assumed to be negatively exponentially distributed, then $\R_0=1$ is a sharp threshold between disease extinction and endemic disease. A delay differential equation system is obtained if the probability function is assumed to be a step-function. For this system, the endemic equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable if $\R_0>1$, and the disease is shown to be uniformly persistent with the infective population size either approaching or oscillating about the endemic level. Numerical simulations (for parameters appropriate for bovine tuberculosis in cattle) with $\mathcal{R}_0>1$ indicate that solutions tend to this endemic state.

Keywords: bovine tuberculosis, delay differential equation, uniform persistence., endemic equilibrium, global asymptotic stability, disease-free equilibrium, tuberculosis.

Mathematics Subject Classification: 92D30, 34D23, 34K2.

Citation: P. van den Driessche, Lin Wang, Xingfu Zou. Modeling diseases with latency and relapse. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2007, 4 (2) : 205-219. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2007.4.205

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