Travelling wave solutions of the reaction-diffusion mathematical model of glioblastoma growth: An Abel equation based approach

Tiberiu Harko; Man Kwong Mak

doi:10.3934/mbe.2015.12.41

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2015, 12(1): 41-69. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.41

Travelling wave solutions of the reaction-diffusion mathematical model of glioblastoma growth: An Abel equation based approach

Tiberiu Harko ^1, and Man Kwong Mak ^2,

1.	Department of Mathematics, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
2.	Department of Computing and Information Management, Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China

Received May 2014 Revised September 2014 Published December 2014

Abstract
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We consider quasi-stationary (travelling wave type) solutions to a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation with arbitrary, autonomous coefficients, describing the evolution of glioblastomas, aggressive primary brain tumors that are characterized by extensive infiltration into the brain and are highly resistant to treatment. The second order nonlinear equation describing the glioblastoma growth through travelling waves can be reduced to a first order Abel type equation. By using the integrability conditions for the Abel equation several classes of exact travelling wave solutions of the general reaction-diffusion equation that describes glioblastoma growth are obtained, corresponding to different forms of the product of the diffusion and reaction functions. The solutions are obtained by using the Chiellini lemma and the Lemke transformation, respectively, and the corresponding equations represent generalizations of the classical Fisher--Kolmogorov equation. The biological implications of two classes of solutions are also investigated by using both numerical and semi-analytical methods for realistic values of the biological parameters.

Keywords: Tumor growth model, exact solutions, reaction-diffusion equation, solitons..

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35C07, 34A05; Secondary: 92C3.

Citation: Tiberiu Harko, Man Kwong Mak. Travelling wave solutions of the reaction-diffusion mathematical model of glioblastoma growth: An Abel equation based approach. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2015, 12 (1) : 41-69. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2015.12.41

References:

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[22]	H. Hatzikirou, L. Brusch, K. Schaller, M. Simon and A. Deutsch, Prediction of traveling front behavior in a lattice-gas cellular automaton model for tumor invasion, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 59 (2010), 2326-2339. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.08.041. Google Scholar
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References:

[1]	M. S. Ahluwalia, J. de Groot, W. M. Liu and C. L. Gladson, Targeting SRC in glioblastoma tumors and brain metastases: Rationale and preclinical studies, Cancer Letters, 298 (2010), 139-149. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.08.014. Google Scholar
[2]	E. C. Alvord, Jr., Patterns of growth of gliomas, American Journal of Neuroradiology, 16 (1995), 1013-1017. Google Scholar
[3]	M. Bellini, R. Deza and N. Giovanbattista, Exact travelling annular waves in generalized reaction-diffusion equations, Physics Letters A, 232 (1997), 200-206. doi: 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00360-5. Google Scholar
[4]	T. Brugarino, Exact solutions of nonlinear differential equations using the Abelian equation of the first type, Il Nuovo Cimento, 119 (2004), 975-982. Google Scholar
[5]	A. Chiellini, Sull'integrazione dell'equazione differenziale $y^{'} + Py^ 2 +Qy^ 3 =0$, Bollettino dell Unione Matematica Italiana, 10 (1931), 301-307. Google Scholar
[6]	T. Demuth and M. E. Berens, Molecular mechanisms of glioma cell migration and invasion, Journal of Neuro-Oncology, 70 (2004), 217-228. doi: 10.1007/s11060-004-2751-6. Google Scholar
[7]	S. E. Eikenberry, T. Sankar, M. C. Preul, E. J. Kostelich, C. J. Thalhauser and Y. Kuang, Virtual glioblastoma: Growth, migration and treatment in a three-dimensional mathematical model, 2009, Cell Prolif., 42 (2009), 511-528. Google Scholar
[8]	R. A. Fisher, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1999. Google Scholar
[9]	R. A. Fisher, The wave of advance of advantageous genes, Ann. Eugenics, 7 (1937), 355-369. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.1937.tb02153.x. Google Scholar
[10]	N. Follain, J.-M. Valleton, L. Lebrun, B. Alexandre, P. Schaetzel, M. Metayer and S. Marais, Simulation of kinetic curves in mass transfer phenomena for a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient in polymer membranes, Journal of Membrane Science, 349 (2010), 195-207. doi: 10.1016/j.memsci.2009.11.044. Google Scholar
[11]	P. Gerlee and S. Nelander, The Impact of Phenotypic Switching on Glioblastoma Growth and Invasion, PLOS Computational Biology, 8 (2012), 1002556, 12pp. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002556. Google Scholar
[12]	P. Gerlee and S. Nelander, Travelling wave analysis of a mathematical model of glioblastoma growth,, preprint, (). Google Scholar
[13]	S. G. Giatili and G. S. Stamatakos, A detailed numerical treatment of the boundary conditions imposed by the skull on a diffusion-reaction model of glioma tumor growth. Clinical validation aspects, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218 (2012), 8779-8799. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2012.02.036. Google Scholar
[14]	B. H. Gilding and R. Kersner, The Characterization of Reaction-Convection-Diffusion Processes by Travelling Waves, Journal of differential equations, 124 (1996), 27-79. doi: 10.1006/jdeq.1996.0002. Google Scholar
[15]	B. H. Gilding and R. Kersner, Travelling Waves in Nonlinear Diffusion Convection Reaction, Birkhäuser, 2004. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-7964-4. Google Scholar
[16]	V. V. Golubev, Vorlesungen über Differentialgleichungen im Komplexen, Deutsch. Verlag Wissenschaft., Berlin, 1958. Google Scholar
[17]	T. Harko and M. K. Mak, Relativistic dissipative cosmological models and Abel differential equation, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 46 (2003), 849-853. doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(03)90147-7. Google Scholar
[18]	T. Harko, F. S. N. Lobo and M. K. Mak, Exact analytical solutions of the Susceptible-Infected- Recovered (SIR) epidemic model and of the SIR model with equal deaths and births, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 236 (2014), 184-194. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2014.03.030. Google Scholar
[19]	T. Harko, F. S. N. Lobo and M. K. Mak, A Chiellini type integrability condition for the generalized first kind Abel differential equation, Universal Journal of Applied Mathematics, 1 (2013), 101-104. Google Scholar
[20]	T. Harko, F. S. N. Lobo and M. K. Mak, A class of exact solutions of the Liénard type ordinary non-linear differential equation,, Journal of Engineering Mathematics, (). Google Scholar
[21]	H. L. P. Harpold, E. C. Alvord, Jr. and K. R. Swanson, The Evolution of Mathematical Modeling of Glioma Proliferation and Invasion, J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 66 (2007), 1-9. doi: 10.1097/nen.0b013e31802d9000. Google Scholar
[22]	H. Hatzikirou, L. Brusch, K. Schaller, M. Simon and A. Deutsch, Prediction of traveling front behavior in a lattice-gas cellular automaton model for tumor invasion, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 59 (2010), 2326-2339. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.08.041. Google Scholar
[23]	H. Hatzikirou, D. Basanta, M. Simon, K. Schaller and A. Deutsch, "Go or Grow": the key to the emergence of invasion in tumour progression?, Mathematical Medicine and Biology, 29 (2012), 49-65. doi: 10.1093/imammb/dqq011. Google Scholar
[24]	P. Hinow, P. Gerlee, L. J. McCawley, V. Quaranta, M. Ciobanu, S. Wang, J. M. Graham, B. P. Ayati, J. Claridge, K. R. Swanson, M. Loveless and A. R. A. Anderson, A Spatial Model of Tumor-Host Interaction: Application of Chemotherapy, Math. Biosci. Eng., 6 (2009), 521-546. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2009.6.521. Google Scholar
[25]	S. Jbabdi, E. Mandonnet, H. Duffau, L. Capelle, K. R. Swanson, M. Pélégrini-Issac, R. Guillevin and H. Benali, Simulation of anisotropic growth of low-grade gliomas using diffusion tensor imaging, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, 54 (2005), 616-624. doi: 10.1002/mrm.20625. Google Scholar
[26]	S. Joannès, L. Mazé and A. R. Bunsell, A concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient model for water sorption in composite, Composite Structures, 108 (2014), 111-118. Google Scholar
[27]	D. R. Johnson and B. P. O'Neill, Glioblastoma survival in the United States before and during the temozolomide era, Journal of Neurooncology, 107 (2012), 359-364. doi: 10.1007/s11060-011-0749-4. Google Scholar
[28]	M. Kinoshita, N. Hashimoto, T. Goto, N. Kagawa, H. Kishima, S. Izumoto, H. Tanaka, N. Fujita and T. Yoshimine, NeuroImage, 43 (2008), 29-35. Google Scholar
[29]	E. Kamke, Differentialgleichungen: Lösungsmethoden und Lösungen, Chelsea, New York, 1959. Google Scholar
[30]	A. Kolmogorov, I. Petrovskii and N. Piscounov, Étude de l'équation de la diffusion avec croissance de la quantité de matiére et son application a un problème biologique, Bulletin de l'Université d'État à Moscou, Série Internationale, Section A Mathématiques et Mécanique, 1 (1937), 1-25. Google Scholar
[31]	H. Lemke, Über eine von R. Liouville untersuchte Differentialgleichung erster Ordnung, Sitzungs. Berl. Math. Ges., 18 (1920), 26-31. Google Scholar
[32]	C. K. N. Li, The glucose distribution in 9L rat brain multicell tumour spheroids and its effect on cell necrosis, Cancer, 50 (1982), 2066-2073. Google Scholar
[33]	D. N. Louis, H. Ohgaki, O. D. Wiestler, W. K. Cavenee, P. C. Burger, A. Jouvet, B. W. Scheithauer and P. Kleihues, The 2007 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Central Nervous System, Acta Neuropathol., 114 (2007), 97-109. doi: 10.1007/s00401-007-0243-4. Google Scholar
[34]	M. K. Mak, H. W. Chan and T. Harko, Solutions generating technique for Abel type non-linear ordinary differential equations, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 41 (2001), 1395-1401. doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(01)00104-3. Google Scholar
[35]	M. K. Mak and T. Harko, New method for generating general solution of Abel differential equations, Computers and Mathematics with Applications, 43 (2002), 91-94. doi: 10.1016/S0898-1221(01)00274-7. Google Scholar
[36]	S. C. Mancas and H. C. Rosu, Integrable dissipative nonlinear second order differential equations via factorizations and Abel equations, Physics Letters, A 377 (2013), 1234-1238. doi: 10.1016/j.physleta.2013.04.024. Google Scholar
[37]	S. C. Mancas and H. C. Rosu, Integrable Ermakov-Pinney equations with nonlinear Chiellini 'damping',, preprint, (). Google Scholar
[38]	S. C. Mancas, G. Spradlin and H. Khanal, Weierstrass traveling wave solutions for dissipative Benjamin, Bona, and Mahony (BBM) equation, Journal of Mathematical Physics, 54 (2013), 081502, 15pp. doi: 10.1063/1.4817342. Google Scholar
[39]	E. Mandonnet, J.-Y. Delattre, M.-L. Tanguy, K. R. Swanson, A. F. Carpentier, H. Duffau, P. Cornu, R. Van Effenterre, E. C. Alvord. Jr. and L. Capelle, Continuous growth of mean tumor diameter in a subset of grade II gliomas, Annals of Neurology, 53 (2003), 524-528. Google Scholar
[40]	D. C. Markham, M. J. Simpson, P. K. Maini, E. A. Gaffney and R. E. Baker, Comparing methods for modelling spreading cell fronts, Journal of Theoretical Biology, 353 (2014), 95-103. doi: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.02.023. Google Scholar
[41]	A. Martínez-González, G. F. Calvo, L. A. Pérez Romasanta and V. M. Pérez-García, Hypoxic Cell Waves Around Necrotic Cores in Glioblastoma: A Biomathematical Model and Its Therapeutic Implications, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 74 (2012), 2875-2896. doi: 10.1007/s11538-012-9786-1. Google Scholar
[42]	M. Marusic, Z. Bajzer, J. P. Freyer and S. Vuk-Palovic, Analysis of growth of multicellular tumour spheroids by mathematical models, Cell Prolif, 27 (1994), 73-94. Google Scholar
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Travelling wave solutions of the reaction-diffusion mathematical model of glioblastoma growth: An Abel equation based approach

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