In this work, we study null-controllability of the Lotka-McKendrick system of population dynamics. The control is acting on the individuals in a given age range. The main novelty we bring in this work is that the age interval in which the control is active does not necessarily contain a neighbourhood of $ 0. $ The main result asserts the whole population can be steered into zero in large time. The proof is based on final-state observability estimates of the adjoint system with the use of characteristics.
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Minimal time required for observability inequality to hold for the transport equation. For both cases,
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