American Institute of Mathematical Sciences

Advanced
doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2021001
Online First

Online First articles are published articles within a journal that have not yet been assigned to a formal issue. This means they do not yet have a volume number, issue number, or page numbers assigned to them, however, they can still be found and cited using their DOI (Digital Object Identifier). Online First publication benefits the research community by making new scientific discoveries known as quickly as possible.

Readers can access Online First articles via the “Online First” tab for the selected journal.

Sampled-data integral control of multivariable linear infinite-dimensional systems with input nonlinearities

Max E. Gilmore 1, , Chris Guiver 2,, and  Hartmut Logemann 1,

1. 

Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
2. 

School of Engineering & the Built Environment, Edinburgh Napier University, Merchiston Campus, 10 Colinton Road, Edinburgh EH10 5DT, UK

* Corresponding author: Chris Guiver

Received  June 2020 Revised  November 2020 Early access January 2021

A low-gain integral controller with anti-windup component is presented for exponentially stable, linear, discrete-time, infinite-dimensional control systems subject to input nonlinearities and external disturbances. We derive a disturbance-to-state stability result which, in particular, guarantees that the tracking error converges to zero in the absence of disturbances. The discrete-time result is then used in the context of sampled-data low-gain integral control of stable well-posed linear infinite-dimensional systems with input nonlinearities. The sampled-date control scheme is applied to two examples (including sampled-data control of a heat equation on a square) which are discussed in some detail.

Keywords: Anti-windup methods, discrete-time, input-to-state stability, integral control, quantization, sampled-data control, saturation, well-posed infinite-dimensional systems.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 93C05, 93C10, 93C25, 93C35, 93C55, 93C57, 93D09, 93D15; Secondary: 93C20.
Citation: Max E. Gilmore, Chris Guiver, Hartmut Logemann. Sampled-data integral control of multivariable linear infinite-dimensional systems with input nonlinearities. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2021001
References:
[1]

K. J. Åström and L. Rundquist, Integrator windup and how to avoid it, Amer. Control Conf., (1989), 1693–1698. Google Scholar

[2]

D.S. Bernstein and A.N. Michel, A chronological bibliography on saturating actuators, Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, 5 (1995), 375-380.  doi: 10.1002/rnc.4590050502.  Google Scholar

[3]

C. Byrnes, D. Gilliam, V. Shubov and G. Weiss, Regular linear systems governed by a boundary controlled heat equation, J. Dynamical Control Systems, 8 (2002), 341-370.  doi: 10.1023/A:1016330420910.  Google Scholar

[4]

S.N. Chandler-Wilde, D.P. Hewett and A. Moiola, Interpolation of Hilbert and Sobolev spaces: Quantitative estimates and counterexamples, Mathematika, 61 (2015), 414-443.  doi: 10.1112/S0025579314000278.  Google Scholar

[5]

J. J. Coughlan, Absolute Stability Results for Infinite-Dimensional Discrete-Time Systems with Applications to Sampled-Data Integral Control, Ph.D thesis, University of Bath, 2007. Google Scholar

[6]

J.J. Coughlan and H. Logemann, Absolute stability and integral control for infinite-dimensional discrete-time systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), 4769-4789.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.03.072.  Google Scholar

[7]

E.J. Davison, Multivariable tuning regulators: The feedforward and robust control of a general servomechanism problem, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, AC-21 (1976), 35-47.  doi: 10.1109/tac.1976.1101126.  Google Scholar

[8]

K-J. Engel and R. Nagel, One-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000.  Google Scholar

[9]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Low-gain integral control of continuous-time linear systems subject to input and output nonlinearities, Automatica, 39 (2003), 455-462.  doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00238-8.  Google Scholar

[10]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Discrete-time low-gain control of linear systems with input/output nonlinearities, Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, 11 (2001), 1127-1143.  doi: 10.1002/rnc.588.  Google Scholar

[11]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Low-gain integral control of well-posed linear infinite-dimensional systems with input and output nonlinearities, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 261 (2001), 307-336.  doi: 10.1006/jmaa.2000.7526.  Google Scholar

[12]

S. Galeani, S. Tarbouriech, M. Turner and L. Zaccarian, A tutorial on modern anti-windup design, Eur. J. Control, 15 (2009), 418-440.  doi: 10.3166/ejc.15.418-440.  Google Scholar

[13]

M.E. Gilmore, C. Guiver and H. Logemann, Stability and convergence properties of forced infinite-dimensional discrete-time Lur'e systems, Int. J. Control, 93 (2020), 3026-3049.  doi: 10.1080/00207179.2019.1575528.  Google Scholar

[14]

P. Grisvard, Elliptic Problems in Nonsmooth Domains, Pitman (Advanced Publishing Program), Boston, 1985.  Google Scholar

[15]

C. Guiver, H. Logemann and S. Townley, Low-gain integral control for multi-input multi-output linear systems with input nonlinearities, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 62 (2017), 4776-4783.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.2017.2691301.  Google Scholar

[16]

C. Guiver, M. Mueller, D. Hodgson and S. Townley, Robust set-point regulation for ecological models with multiple management goals, J. Math. Biol., 72 (2016), 1467-1529.  doi: 10.1007/s00285-015-0919-7.  Google Scholar

[17]

Z. Ke, Sampled-Data Control: Stabilization, Tracking and Disturbance Rejection, Ph.D thesis, University of Bath, 2008. Google Scholar

[18]

Z. Ke, H. Logemann and S. Townley, Adaptive sampled-data integral control of stable infinite-dimensional linear systems, Systems Control Lett., 58 (2009), 233-240.  doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.10.015.  Google Scholar

[19]

H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Time-varying and adaptive discrete-time low-gain control of infinite-dimensional linear systems with input nonlinearities, Math. Control Signals Systems, 13 (2000), 293-317.  doi: 10.1007/PL00009871.  Google Scholar

[20]

H. Logemann and S. Townley, Discrete-time low-gain control of uncertain infinite-dimensional systems, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 42 (1997), 22-37.  doi: 10.1109/9.553685.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. Logemann and S. Townley, Low-gain control of uncertain regular linear systems, SIAM J. Control Optim., 35 (1997), 78-116.  doi: 10.1137/S0363012994275920.  Google Scholar

[22]

M. Morari, Robust stability of systems with integral control, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 30 (1985), 574-577.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.1985.1104012.  Google Scholar

[23]

S. Pohjolainen, Robust controller for systems with exponentially stable strongly continuous semigroups, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 111 (1985), 622-636.  doi: 10.1016/0022-247X(85)90239-2.  Google Scholar

[24]

S.A. Pohjolainen, Robust multivariable PI-controller for infinite-dimensional systems, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 27 (1982), 17-30.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.1982.1102887.  Google Scholar

[25]

W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1991.  Google Scholar

[26]

D. Salamon, Infinite-dimensional linear systems with unbounded control and observation: A functional analytic approach, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 300 (1987), 383-431.  doi: 10.2307/2000351.  Google Scholar

[27] O. Staffans, Well-Posed Linear Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.  doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511543197.  Google Scholar
[28]

S. Tarbouriech and M. Turner, Anti-windup design: An overview of some recent advances and open problems, IET Control Theory Appl., 3 (2009), 1751-8644.  doi: 10.1049/iet-cta:20070435.  Google Scholar

[29]

M. Tucsnak and G. Weiss, Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups, Birkhäuser Verlag AG, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8994-9.  Google Scholar

[30]

G. Weiss, Regular linear systems with feedback, Math. Control Signals Systems, 7 (1994), 23-57.  doi: 10.1007/BF01211484.  Google Scholar

show all references

References:
[1]

K. J. Åström and L. Rundquist, Integrator windup and how to avoid it, Amer. Control Conf., (1989), 1693–1698. Google Scholar

[2]

D.S. Bernstein and A.N. Michel, A chronological bibliography on saturating actuators, Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, 5 (1995), 375-380.  doi: 10.1002/rnc.4590050502.  Google Scholar

[3]

C. Byrnes, D. Gilliam, V. Shubov and G. Weiss, Regular linear systems governed by a boundary controlled heat equation, J. Dynamical Control Systems, 8 (2002), 341-370.  doi: 10.1023/A:1016330420910.  Google Scholar

[4]

S.N. Chandler-Wilde, D.P. Hewett and A. Moiola, Interpolation of Hilbert and Sobolev spaces: Quantitative estimates and counterexamples, Mathematika, 61 (2015), 414-443.  doi: 10.1112/S0025579314000278.  Google Scholar

[5]

J. J. Coughlan, Absolute Stability Results for Infinite-Dimensional Discrete-Time Systems with Applications to Sampled-Data Integral Control, Ph.D thesis, University of Bath, 2007. Google Scholar

[6]

J.J. Coughlan and H. Logemann, Absolute stability and integral control for infinite-dimensional discrete-time systems, Nonlinear Anal., 71 (2009), 4769-4789.  doi: 10.1016/j.na.2009.03.072.  Google Scholar

[7]

E.J. Davison, Multivariable tuning regulators: The feedforward and robust control of a general servomechanism problem, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, AC-21 (1976), 35-47.  doi: 10.1109/tac.1976.1101126.  Google Scholar

[8]

K-J. Engel and R. Nagel, One-parameter semigroups for linear evolution equations, Springer-Verlag, New York, 2000.  Google Scholar

[9]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Low-gain integral control of continuous-time linear systems subject to input and output nonlinearities, Automatica, 39 (2003), 455-462.  doi: 10.1016/S0005-1098(02)00238-8.  Google Scholar

[10]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Discrete-time low-gain control of linear systems with input/output nonlinearities, Internat. J. Robust Nonlinear Control, 11 (2001), 1127-1143.  doi: 10.1002/rnc.588.  Google Scholar

[11]

T. Fliegner, H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Low-gain integral control of well-posed linear infinite-dimensional systems with input and output nonlinearities, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 261 (2001), 307-336.  doi: 10.1006/jmaa.2000.7526.  Google Scholar

[12]

S. Galeani, S. Tarbouriech, M. Turner and L. Zaccarian, A tutorial on modern anti-windup design, Eur. J. Control, 15 (2009), 418-440.  doi: 10.3166/ejc.15.418-440.  Google Scholar

[13]

M.E. Gilmore, C. Guiver and H. Logemann, Stability and convergence properties of forced infinite-dimensional discrete-time Lur'e systems, Int. J. Control, 93 (2020), 3026-3049.  doi: 10.1080/00207179.2019.1575528.  Google Scholar

[14]

P. Grisvard, Elliptic Problems in Nonsmooth Domains, Pitman (Advanced Publishing Program), Boston, 1985.  Google Scholar

[15]

C. Guiver, H. Logemann and S. Townley, Low-gain integral control for multi-input multi-output linear systems with input nonlinearities, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 62 (2017), 4776-4783.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.2017.2691301.  Google Scholar

[16]

C. Guiver, M. Mueller, D. Hodgson and S. Townley, Robust set-point regulation for ecological models with multiple management goals, J. Math. Biol., 72 (2016), 1467-1529.  doi: 10.1007/s00285-015-0919-7.  Google Scholar

[17]

Z. Ke, Sampled-Data Control: Stabilization, Tracking and Disturbance Rejection, Ph.D thesis, University of Bath, 2008. Google Scholar

[18]

Z. Ke, H. Logemann and S. Townley, Adaptive sampled-data integral control of stable infinite-dimensional linear systems, Systems Control Lett., 58 (2009), 233-240.  doi: 10.1016/j.sysconle.2008.10.015.  Google Scholar

[19]

H. Logemann and E.P. Ryan, Time-varying and adaptive discrete-time low-gain control of infinite-dimensional linear systems with input nonlinearities, Math. Control Signals Systems, 13 (2000), 293-317.  doi: 10.1007/PL00009871.  Google Scholar

[20]

H. Logemann and S. Townley, Discrete-time low-gain control of uncertain infinite-dimensional systems, IEEE Trans. Automat. Control, 42 (1997), 22-37.  doi: 10.1109/9.553685.  Google Scholar

[21]

H. Logemann and S. Townley, Low-gain control of uncertain regular linear systems, SIAM J. Control Optim., 35 (1997), 78-116.  doi: 10.1137/S0363012994275920.  Google Scholar

[22]

M. Morari, Robust stability of systems with integral control, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 30 (1985), 574-577.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.1985.1104012.  Google Scholar

[23]

S. Pohjolainen, Robust controller for systems with exponentially stable strongly continuous semigroups, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 111 (1985), 622-636.  doi: 10.1016/0022-247X(85)90239-2.  Google Scholar

[24]

S.A. Pohjolainen, Robust multivariable PI-controller for infinite-dimensional systems, IEEE Trans. Automatic Control, 27 (1982), 17-30.  doi: 10.1109/TAC.1982.1102887.  Google Scholar

[25]

W. Rudin, Functional Analysis, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York, 1991.  Google Scholar

[26]

D. Salamon, Infinite-dimensional linear systems with unbounded control and observation: A functional analytic approach, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 300 (1987), 383-431.  doi: 10.2307/2000351.  Google Scholar

[27] O. Staffans, Well-Posed Linear Systems, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2005.  doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511543197.  Google Scholar
[28]

S. Tarbouriech and M. Turner, Anti-windup design: An overview of some recent advances and open problems, IET Control Theory Appl., 3 (2009), 1751-8644.  doi: 10.1049/iet-cta:20070435.  Google Scholar

[29]

M. Tucsnak and G. Weiss, Observation and Control for Operator Semigroups, Birkhäuser Verlag AG, 2009. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8994-9.  Google Scholar

[30]

G. Weiss, Regular linear systems with feedback, Math. Control Signals Systems, 7 (1994), 23-57.  doi: 10.1007/BF01211484.  Google Scholar

Figure 4.1.  Quantization function $ q_\delta $
Figure Options

Download full-size image

Download as PowerPoint slide

Figure 4.2.  Square domain $ \Omega \subseteq \mathbb R^2 $
Figure Options

Download full-size image

Download as PowerPoint slide

Figure 4.3.  Feasible sets of reference vectors $r = {\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{l}} {{r_1}}&{{r_2}} \end{array}} \right)^T}$ for $ \phi_1 $ (darker grey) and $ \phi_2 $ (lighter gray) regions. The reference $ r $ in (4.8) is marked with a cross
Figure Options

Download full-size image

Download as PowerPoint slide

Figure 4.4.  Model data as in (4.5), (4.6), (4.8) and (4.9). (a) Initial temperature profile $ z^0 $. (b) Temperature profile of solution $ z $ at time $ t = 20 $. (c) Outputs. (d) Held inputs. In panels (c) and (d), the solid and dashed lines correspond to $ \tau = 0.25 $ and $ \tau = 0.5 $, respectively. The dotted lines in panel (c) are the components of the reference
Figure Options

Download full-size image

Download as PowerPoint slide

Figure 4.5.  Model data as in (4.5), (4.6), (4.8), (4.10) and (4.11). (a) Outputs. (b) Held inputs. In panels (a) and (b), the solid and dashed lines correspond to the external forcing $ v $ and $ 3 v $, respectively. The dotted lines in panel (a) are the components of the reference
Figure Options

Download full-size image

Download as PowerPoint slide

[1]

Pengfei Wang, Mengyi Zhang, Huan Su. Input-to-state stability of infinite-dimensional stochastic nonlinear systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2022, 27 (2) : 821-836. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2021066
[2]

Andrii Mironchenko, Hiroshi Ito. Characterizations of integral input-to-state stability for bilinear systems in infinite dimensions. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, 2016, 6 (3) : 447-466. doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2016011
[3]

Loïc Bourdin, Emmanuel Trélat. Optimal sampled-data control, and generalizations on time scales. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, 2016, 6 (1) : 53-94. doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2016.6.53
[4]

Toufik Bakir, Bernard Bonnard, Jérémy Rouot. A case study of optimal input-output system with sampled-data control: Ding et al. force and fatigue muscular control model. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2019, 14 (1) : 79-100. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2019005
[5]

Yueyuan Zhang, Yanyan Yin, Fei Liu. Robust observer-based control for discrete-time semi-Markov jump systems with actuator saturation. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2021, 17 (6) : 3013-3026. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2020105
[6]

Xingyue Liang, Jianwei Xia, Guoliang Chen, Huasheng Zhang, Zhen Wang. $ \mathcal{H}_{\infty} $ control for fuzzy markovian jump systems based on sampled-data control method. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021, 14 (4) : 1329-1343. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020368
[7]

Birgit Jacob, Hafida Laasri. Well-posedness of infinite-dimensional non-autonomous passive boundary control systems. Evolution Equations & Control Theory, 2021, 10 (2) : 385-409. doi: 10.3934/eect.2020072
[8]

Huijuan Li, Junxia Wang. Input-to-state stability of continuous-time systems via finite-time Lyapunov functions. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2020, 25 (3) : 841-857. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019192
[9]

Masashi Wakaiki, Hideki Sano. Stability analysis of infinite-dimensional event-triggered and self-triggered control systems with Lipschitz perturbations. Mathematical Control & Related Fields, 2021  doi: 10.3934/mcrf.2021021
[10]

Elena K. Kostousova. On polyhedral control synthesis for dynamical discrete-time systems under uncertainties and state constraints. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 2018, 38 (12) : 6149-6162. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2018153
[11]

Yuefen Chen, Yuanguo Zhu. Indefinite LQ optimal control with process state inequality constraints for discrete-time uncertain systems. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2018, 14 (3) : 913-930. doi: 10.3934/jimo.2017082
[12]

Luís Tiago Paiva, Fernando A. C. C. Fontes. Sampled–data model predictive control: Adaptive time–mesh refinement algorithms and guarantees of stability. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (5) : 2335-2364. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019098
[13]

Doria Affane, Mustapha Fateh Yarou. Well-posed control problems related to second-order differential inclusions. Evolution Equations & Control Theory, 2021  doi: 10.3934/eect.2021042
[14]

Magdi S. Mahmoud. Output feedback overlapping control design of interconnected systems with input saturation. Numerical Algebra, Control & Optimization, 2016, 6 (2) : 127-151. doi: 10.3934/naco.2016004
[15]

Yuyun Zhao, Yi Zhang, Tao Xu, Ling Bai, Qian Zhang. pth moment exponential stability of hybrid stochastic functional differential equations by feedback control based on discrete-time state observations. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (1) : 209-226. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017011
[16]

Haijun Sun, Xinquan Zhang. Guaranteed cost control of discrete-time switched saturated systems. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2021, 26 (8) : 4515-4522. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2020300
[17]

Didier Georges. Infinite-dimensional nonlinear predictive control design for open-channel hydraulic systems. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2009, 4 (2) : 267-285. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2009.4.267
[18]

H. O. Fattorini. The maximum principle for linear infinite dimensional control systems with state constraints. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems, 1995, 1 (1) : 77-101. doi: 10.3934/dcds.1995.1.77
[19]

W. Layton, R. Lewandowski. On a well-posed turbulence model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2006, 6 (1) : 111-128. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2006.6.111
[20]

Björn Augner, Birgit Jacob. Stability and stabilization of infinite-dimensional linear port-Hamiltonian systems. Evolution Equations & Control Theory, 2014, 3 (2) : 207-229. doi: 10.3934/eect.2014.3.207

2020 Impact Factor: 1.284

Tools

Metrics

  • PDF downloads (258)
  • HTML views (389)
  • Cited by (0)

Other articles
by authors

[Back to Top]

Copyright © 2022 American Institute of Mathematical Sciences | Privacy Policy