Sketch-based image retrieval via CAT loss with elastic net regularization

Jia Cai; Guanglong Xu; Zhensheng Hu

doi:10.3934/mfc.2020013

Article Contents

2020, Volume 3, Issue 4: 219-227. Doi: 10.3934/mfc.2020013

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Sketch-based image retrieval via CAT loss with elastic net regularization

1.
School of Statistics and Mathematics, Big Data and Educational Statistics Application Laboratory, Collaborative Innovation Development Center of Pearl River Delta Science & Technology Finance Industry, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510320, China
2.
School of Statistics and Mathematics, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510320, China
3.
Information Science School, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510320, China

^* Corresponding author: Jia Cai
^* Corresponding author: Jia Cai

Received: December 2019

Revised: March 2020

Early access: June 2020

Published: November 2020

The first author is supported partially by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11871167,11671171), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (201707010228), Special Support Plan for High-Level Talents of Guangdong Province (2019TQ05X571), Foundation of Guangdong Educational Committee (2019KZDZX1023), Project of Collaborative Innovation Development Center of Pearl River Delta Science & Technology Finance Industry (19XT01), National Social Science Foundation (19AJY027), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong (2016A030313710)

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Abstract

Fine-grained sketch-based image retrieval (FG-SBIR) is an important problem that uses free-hand human sketch as queries to perform instance-level retrieval of photos. Human sketches are generally highly abstract and iconic, which makes FG-SBIR a challenging task. Existing FG-SBIR approaches using triplet loss with $ \ell_2 $ regularization or higher-order energy function to conduct retrieval performance, which neglect the feature gap between different domains (sketches, photos) and need to select the weight layer matrix. This yields high computational complexity. In this paper, we define a new CAT loss function with elastic net regularization based on attention model. It can close the feature gap between different subnetworks and embody the sparsity of the sketches. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach is competitive with state-of-the-art methods.

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Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 68T45; Secondary: 68T05.

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Figure 1. Architecture of the model

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Figure 2. Examples of stroke removal

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Table 1. Network structure

$ Index $	Layer	Type	Filter size	Filter number	Stride	Pad	Output size
$ 0 $		$Input$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$225\times225$
$1$	$L1$	$Conv$	$15\times15$	64	3	0	$71\times71$
$2$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 71\times71 $
$ 3 $		Maxpool	$3\times3$	$-$	2	0	$35\times35$
$4$	$L2$	$Conv$	$5\times5$	128	1	0	$31\times31$
$5$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 31\times31 $
$ 6 $		Maxpool	$3\times3$	$-$	2	0	$15\times15$
$7$	$L3$	$Conv$	$3\times3$	256	1	1	$15\times15$
$8$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 15\times15 $
$ 9 $	$ L4 $	$ Conv $	$ 3\times3 $	256	1	1	$ 15\times15 $
$ 10 $		$ReLU$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$15\times15$
$11$	$L5$	$Conv$	$3\times3$	256	1	1	$15\times15$
$12$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 15\times15 $
$ 13 $		Maxpool	$3\times3$	$-$	2	0	$7\times7$
$14$	$L6$	$Conv( = FC)$	$7\times7$	512	1	$0$	$1\times1$
$15$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 1\times1 $
$ 16 $		Dropout (0.55)	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$1\times1$
$17$	$L7$	$Conv( = FC)$	$1\times1$	256	1	$0$	$1\times1$
$18$		$ ReLU $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ - $	$ 1\times1 $
$ 19 $		Dropout (0.55)	$-$	$-$	$-$	$-$	$1\times1$

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Table 2. Comparative results against baselines on QMUL-shoe dataset

QMUL-shoe	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
HOG+BoW+RankSVM	17.39%	67.83%
Deep ISN	20.00%	62.61%
Triplet SN	52.17%	92.17%
Triplet DSSA	61.74%	94.78%
Our model	56.52%	96.52%

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Table 3. Comparative results against baselines on QMUL-chair dataset

QMUL-chair	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
HOG+BoW+RankSVM	28.87%	67.01%
Deep ISN	47.42%	82.47%
Triplet SN	72.16%	98.96%
Triplet DSSA	81.44%	95.88%
Our model	81.44%	98.97%

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Table 4. Comparative results against baselines on QMUL-handbag dataset

QMUL-handbag	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
HOG+BoW+RankSVM	2.38%	10.71%
Deep ISN	9.52%	44.05%
Triplet SN	39.88%	82.14%
Triplet DSSA	49.40%	82.74%
Our model	54.76%	88.69%

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Table 5. Contributions of different components

QMUL-shoe	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
Triplet loss+data aug	50.43%	93.91%
CAT loss+no data aug	49.57%	94.78%
Our model	54.78%	96.52%
QMUL-chair	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
Triplet loss+data aug	78.35%	97.94%
CAT loss+no data aug	76.29%	96.91%
Our model	81.44%	98.97%
QMUL-handbag	$ Acc.@1 $	$ Acc.@10 $
Triplet loss+data aug	51.19%	86.31%
CAT loss+no data aug	51.79%	86.90%
Our model	54.76%	88.69%

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