A derivative-free trust-region algorithm for unconstrained optimization with controlled error

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2011, 1(1): 117-145. doi: 10.3934/naco.2011.1.117

A derivative-free trust-region algorithm for unconstrained optimization with controlled error

Jun Takaki ^1, and Nobuo Yamashita ^2,

1.	Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501,, Japan
2.	Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501

Received September 2010 Revised December 2010 Published February 2011

Abstract
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In this paper, we consider the unconstrained optimization problem under the following conditions: (S1) The objective function is evaluated with a certain bounded error, (S2) the error is controllable, that is, the objective function can be evaluated to any desired accuracy, and (S3) more accurate evaluation requires a greater computation time. This situation arises in many fields such as engineering and financial problems, where objective function values are obtained from considerable numerical calculation or a simulation. Under (S2) and (S3), it seems reasonable to set the accuracy of the evaluation to be low at points far from a solution, and high at points in the neighborhood of a solution. In this paper, we propose a derivative-free trust-region algorithm based on this idea. For this purpose, we consider (i) how to construct a quadratic model function by exploiting pointwise errors and (ii) how to control the accuracy of function evaluations to reduce the total computation time of the algorithm. For (i), we propose a method based on support vector regression. For (ii), we present an updating formula of the accuracy of which is related to the trust-region radius. We present numerical results for several test problems taken from CUTEr and a financial problem of estimating implied volatilities from option prices.

Keywords: controlled error., trust region algorithm, Derivative-free method.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 90C56; Secondary: 90C3.

Citation: Jun Takaki, Nobuo Yamashita. A derivative-free trust-region algorithm for unconstrained optimization with controlled error. Numerical Algebra, Control and Optimization, 2011, 1 (1) : 117-145. doi: 10.3934/naco.2011.1.117

References:

[1]	I. Bongartz, A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould and Ph. L. Toint, CUTE: Constrained and unconstrained testing environment, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 21 (1995), 123-160. doi: 10.1145/200979.201043.
[2]	A. J. Booker, J. E. Dennis, P. D. Frank, D. B. Serafini, V. Torczon and M. W. Trosset, A rigorous framework for optimization of expensive functions by surrogates, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 17 (1999), 1-13.
[3]	T. D. Choi and C. T. Kelley, Superlinear Convergence and Implicit Filtering, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 10 (2000), 1149-1162. doi: 10.1137/S1052623499354096.
[4]	B. Colson, P. Marcotte and G. Savard, Bilevel programming: A survey, 4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research, 3 (2005), 87-107.
[5]	A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould and Ph. L. Toint, "Trust-Region Methods,'' SIAM, Philadelphia, 2000. doi: 10.1137/1.9780898719857.
[6]	A. R. Conn and Ph. L. Toint, An algorithm using quadratic interpolation for unconstrained derivative free optimization, in "Nonlinear Optimization and Applications,'' Plenum Publishing, (1996), 27-47.
[7]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, A derivative free optimization algorithm in practice, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Conference, St Louis, 1998.
[8]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, A derivative free optimization method via support vector machines,, 1999. Available from: , ().
[9]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, On the convergence of derivative-free methods for unconstrained optimization, in "Approximation Theory and Optimization,'' Cambridge University Press, (1997), 83-108.
[10]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and L. N. Vicente, Geometry of interpolation sets in derivative free optimization, Mathematical Programming, 111 (2008), 141-172. doi: 10.1007/s10107-006-0073-5.
[11]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and L. N. Vicente, Geometry of sample sets in derivative free optimization: Polynomial regression and underdetermined interpolation, IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 28 (2008), 721-748. doi: 10.1093/imanum/drn046.
[12]	C. Cox and M. Rubinstein, "Option Markets,'' Prentice-Hall, 1985.
[13]	N. Cristianini and J. Shawe-Taylor, "An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-based Methods,'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
[14]	J. E. Dennis and V. Torczon, Direct search methods on parallel machines, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 1 (1991), 448-474. doi: 10.1137/0801027.
[15]	R. A. Fisher, "The Design of Experiments,'' Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 1951.
[16]	P. Gilmore and C. T. Kelley, An implicit filtering algorithm for optimization of functions with many local minima, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 5 (1995), 269-285. doi: 10.1137/0805015.
[17]	B. Karasözen, Survey of trust-region derivative free optimization methods, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 3 (2007), 321-334.
[18]	T. G. Kolda, R. M. Lewis and V. Torzcon, Optimization by direct search: new perspectives of some classical and modern methods, SIAM Review, 45 (2003), 385-482. doi: 10.1137/S003614450242889.
[19]	J. A. Nelder and R. Mead, A simplex method for function minimization, Computer Journal, 7 (1965), 308-313.
[20]	J. Nocedal and S. J. Wright, "Numerical Optimization,'' Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999. doi: 10.1007/b98874.
[21]	M. J. D. Powell, Trust region methods that employ quadratic interpolation to the objective function, Presentation at the 5th SIAM Conference on Optimization, 1996.
[22]	M. J. D. Powell, UOBYQA: unconstrained optimization by quadratic approximation, Mathematical Programming, 92 (2002), 555-582. doi: 10.1007/s101070100290.
[23]	J. A. Tilley, Valuing American options in a path simulation model, Transactions of the Society of Actuaries, 45 (1993), 83-104.
[24]	V. Torczon, On the convergence of the multidirectional search algorithm, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 1 (1991), 123-145. doi: 10.1137/0801010.
[25]	D. Winfield, "Function and Functional Optimization by Interpolation in Data Tables,'' PhD thesis, Harvard University in Cambridge, 1969.
[26]	D. Winfield, Functional minimization by interpolation in a data table, Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, 12 (1973), 339-347. doi: 10.1093/imamat/12.3.339.

show all references

References:

[1]	I. Bongartz, A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould and Ph. L. Toint, CUTE: Constrained and unconstrained testing environment, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software, 21 (1995), 123-160. doi: 10.1145/200979.201043.
[2]	A. J. Booker, J. E. Dennis, P. D. Frank, D. B. Serafini, V. Torczon and M. W. Trosset, A rigorous framework for optimization of expensive functions by surrogates, Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 17 (1999), 1-13.
[3]	T. D. Choi and C. T. Kelley, Superlinear Convergence and Implicit Filtering, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 10 (2000), 1149-1162. doi: 10.1137/S1052623499354096.
[4]	B. Colson, P. Marcotte and G. Savard, Bilevel programming: A survey, 4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research, 3 (2005), 87-107.
[5]	A. R. Conn, N. I. M. Gould and Ph. L. Toint, "Trust-Region Methods,'' SIAM, Philadelphia, 2000. doi: 10.1137/1.9780898719857.
[6]	A. R. Conn and Ph. L. Toint, An algorithm using quadratic interpolation for unconstrained derivative free optimization, in "Nonlinear Optimization and Applications,'' Plenum Publishing, (1996), 27-47.
[7]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, A derivative free optimization algorithm in practice, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Conference, St Louis, 1998.
[8]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, A derivative free optimization method via support vector machines,, 1999. Available from: , ().
[9]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and Ph. L. Toint, On the convergence of derivative-free methods for unconstrained optimization, in "Approximation Theory and Optimization,'' Cambridge University Press, (1997), 83-108.
[10]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and L. N. Vicente, Geometry of interpolation sets in derivative free optimization, Mathematical Programming, 111 (2008), 141-172. doi: 10.1007/s10107-006-0073-5.
[11]	A. R. Conn, K. Scheinberg and L. N. Vicente, Geometry of sample sets in derivative free optimization: Polynomial regression and underdetermined interpolation, IMA Journal of Numerical Analysis, 28 (2008), 721-748. doi: 10.1093/imanum/drn046.
[12]	C. Cox and M. Rubinstein, "Option Markets,'' Prentice-Hall, 1985.
[13]	N. Cristianini and J. Shawe-Taylor, "An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-based Methods,'' Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 2000.
[14]	J. E. Dennis and V. Torczon, Direct search methods on parallel machines, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 1 (1991), 448-474. doi: 10.1137/0801027.
[15]	R. A. Fisher, "The Design of Experiments,'' Oliver and Boyd Ltd., 1951.
[16]	P. Gilmore and C. T. Kelley, An implicit filtering algorithm for optimization of functions with many local minima, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 5 (1995), 269-285. doi: 10.1137/0805015.
[17]	B. Karasözen, Survey of trust-region derivative free optimization methods, Journal of Industrial and Management Optimization, 3 (2007), 321-334.
[18]	T. G. Kolda, R. M. Lewis and V. Torzcon, Optimization by direct search: new perspectives of some classical and modern methods, SIAM Review, 45 (2003), 385-482. doi: 10.1137/S003614450242889.
[19]	J. A. Nelder and R. Mead, A simplex method for function minimization, Computer Journal, 7 (1965), 308-313.
[20]	J. Nocedal and S. J. Wright, "Numerical Optimization,'' Springer-Verlag, New York, 1999. doi: 10.1007/b98874.
[21]	M. J. D. Powell, Trust region methods that employ quadratic interpolation to the objective function, Presentation at the 5th SIAM Conference on Optimization, 1996.
[22]	M. J. D. Powell, UOBYQA: unconstrained optimization by quadratic approximation, Mathematical Programming, 92 (2002), 555-582. doi: 10.1007/s101070100290.
[23]	J. A. Tilley, Valuing American options in a path simulation model, Transactions of the Society of Actuaries, 45 (1993), 83-104.
[24]	V. Torczon, On the convergence of the multidirectional search algorithm, SIAM Journal on Optimization, 1 (1991), 123-145. doi: 10.1137/0801010.
[25]	D. Winfield, "Function and Functional Optimization by Interpolation in Data Tables,'' PhD thesis, Harvard University in Cambridge, 1969.
[26]	D. Winfield, Functional minimization by interpolation in a data table, Journal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications, 12 (1973), 339-347. doi: 10.1093/imamat/12.3.339.

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