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A novel machine-learning based optimization: identifying new treatment regimens for tuberculosis

  • *Corresponding author: Denise Kirschner

    *Corresponding author: Denise Kirschner

The paper is handled by Zhisheng Shuai as the guest editor.

Abstract / Introduction Full Text(HTML) Figure(7) / Table(4) Related Papers Cited by
  • Identifying optimization in a system from any discipline requires identifying ways to either maximize or minimize objectives of interest—or even trade-offs between these choices where goals must be balanced. Traditionally, optimal control theory has been used specifically for applications that are represented by ordinary differential equations. Here, we introduce a new approach to optimization that can be applied not only to ordinary differential-equation based systems, but importantly to other more complex models, such as agent-based model systems. To this end, we create a novel machine learning optimization pipeline that uses a Kriging-based surrogate model to predict objective functions. We use a Pareto optimization algorithm to identify regimens that maximize improvement to the predicted optimal set and then rank these findings. As an example, we apply this to a model system that captures drug treatment of hosts during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Typically for treatment of tuberculosis, a multiple drug regimen is used where four antibiotics are administered for a lengthy time frame of 6–9 months. We apply our new method to optimize treatment in the face of many choices for drugs, combinations and dosages and link for the first time with rankings to the optimized set of outcomes.

    Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 37N40; Secondary: 92-10, 92C45.

    Citation:

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  • Figure 1.  The optimization pipeline for non-ODE systems. The optimization pipeline starts with (1) simulating granulomas in GranSim and (2) simulating PK/PD for each antibiotic to be included. Model output of interest is: (3a) treatment time needed to sterilize granulomas (tster) (i.e. get rid of all bacteria). The optimization objectives are: (3b) reducing tster and total dose d. We build (3c) a Kriging-based surrogate model to predict objective functions for varying dosages using simulation output. (3d) A Pareto optimization algorithm identifies regimen(s) that maximize improvement in the Pareto set, i.e., the set of optimal regimens. After 20 cycles of surrogate-assisted optimization step, our algorithm predicts the Pareto set. We then rank the optimal regimens using (4) AUSC-based ranking. (n: number of simulated granulomas per regimen. tsteri: time to sterilization for granuloma i, N: number of antibiotics in a combination regimen, Di: the dose of the antibiotic i, timax: the maximum allowed dose of antibiotic i). See Methods for specific details of each calculation

    Figure 2.  Overview of the pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) model that simulates tuberculosis drug regimen treatments in a granuloma. The model starts with a 2-compartment plasma PK model with 2 transit compartments that represent the digestive system (i.e., stomach, gut etc.) and the drug is dosed into Transit 1 (and Transit 2 if needed for some drugs). The drug in the plasma compartment permeates into the lung tissue through blood vessels represented in GranSim, our agent-based model simulating granulomas. Once in the lung, the drug diffuses, binds to the caseum and is taken up by macrophages. A Hill equation represents the pharmacodynamics of drugs, i.e., the killing rate of drugs depending on drug concentration and bacterial phenotype. If multiple drugs are present, we modify the killing rate based on the type of interaction (higher killing for synergistic and lower killing for antagonistic drugs). ($C_{t1(2)}$: drug concentration in Transit 1(2), $C_{Pe}$: drug concentration in peripheral tissue, $C_{P}$: drug concentration in plasma, $k_{a}$: absorption rate constant, Q: intercompartmental clearance, CL: plasma clearance, $V_{P}$: plasma volume, $V_{Pe}$: volume of peripheral tissue, $C_{V}$: concentration at the vascular source on GranSim, P: vascular permeability, $A_V$: area of the vascular source, $k_{P}$: permeability coefficient, D: diffusivity, $C_{free}$: concentration of free (unbound) drug, $f_{ub}$: caseum unbound fraction, $C_{extra}$: extracellular drug concentration, a: cellular uptake, $C_{intra}$: intracellular drug concentration, $k_{i}$: antibiotic killing rate constant for the ith location where i is intracellular, extracellular, or caseum, $E_{max}$: maximum killing rate constant, C50: concentration needed to achieve $E_{max}$/2, h: Hill coefficient)

    Figure 3.  Pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) calibrations for rifapentine (RPT). (A–H) PK calibrations using temporal data from rabbits [54] after (A–D) multiple (20mg/kg dosing every 3 hours, 4 times) and (E–H) single dosing (30mg/kg) in (A and E) plasma, (B and F) cavity caseum, (C and G) cellular lesion and tissue surrounding lesion, and (D and H) uninvolved lung. Black lines represent simulated concentrations in (A and E) plasma, (B and F) caseum, (C and G) granuloma, and (D and H) uninvolved lung. Green dots represent rabbit data and red dots represent the median of the data. (I–K) PD calibrations for (I) nonreplicating, (J) intracellular, and (K) extracellular Mtb. Data in (I) is from bactericidal assays using homogenized caseum [1]. Data in (J) and (K) are from [33], red circles are obtained using Mtb in butyrate, blue circles in (J) are obtained using Mtb in acidic condition, blue circles in (K) are obtained using Mtb in high cholesterol

    Figure 4.  Identification of 1331 improved regimens for TB over the standard regimen. The heatmap shows the number of regimens that have shorter sterilization times and lower total doses than the standard regimen, HRZE (denoted with a red 'X'). 1331 regimens in total are improved regimens. The red 'X' denotes the CDC-recommended dose of the standard regimen HRZE based on its simulated sterilization time and dosage. The colors on the heatmap represent numbers of regimens corresponding to their sterilization time and dose that are more optimal that HRZE

    Figure 5.  Optimized regimens compared to the standard when examining the antibiotics most often optimal. (A) Dots are referred to as the Pareto sets of all 4-way combinations of drugs that are > 40% present in improved regimens, H, R, M, Pa, and P (CDC-recommended dose of HRZE marked with an X). Regimens within the gray rectangle box each have optimized overall objective values for both tster and total dose. (B) Average sterilization times and total doses of regimens in the gray rectangle that are optimal over standard. The legend shows the regimen colors for the different doses and sterilization times

    Figure 6.  Ranking of the optimized regimens. Rankings of the various dosages of the 6 optimal combinations (HRMPa, HMRP, HPaRP, HMPaP, and MPaRP) against the standard regimen HRZE based on minimizing sterilization times. Each combination regimen has 60 potential dosages determined in the optimization pipeline (6 × 60 = 360 total ranks). Colors indicate the ranks of each regimen: blue being the lowest ranking and yellow is the highest. Note that lower rankings are optimal

    Figure Suppl. Figure 1.  Novel Pareto front optimization to identify optimal dose and sterilization times for HRZE. red dots represent non–dominating optimal regimens that belong to the Pareto set whereas black dots are the regimens that are not optimal based on the objectives. (see Methods for details)

    Table 1.  ABC calibration priors and fitted estimates for each rifapentine (RPT) drug parameter. See Figure 3 for corresponding model outputs for the sample chosen; note that the sample chosen column correctly lists two parameters outside the 95% CI, namely, vascular permeability and permeability coefficient. CI = Bayesian credible interval; parameter values use scientific e notation

    Parameter name (units) Prior distrib. (log-uniform) Fitted 95% CI Sample chosen
    Degradation rate on the grid (1/(60 s)) [1e-8, 1e-3] [4.3e-6, 3.3e-4] 1.6e-4
    Intracellular degradation rate (1/(30 s)) [1e-8, 1e-3] [1.2e-7, 2.6e-4] 7.0e-5
    Diffusivity (cm2/s) [1e-9, 1e-6] [1.8e-9, 1.7e-7] 6.4e-8
    Cellular uptake (unitless) [1e-1, 1e+2] [1.9e-1, 7.1e+1] 3.8e+1
    Vascular permeability (cm/s) [1e-8, 1e-6] [1.8e-7, 4.8e-7] 9.5e-8
    Permeability coefficient (unitless) [1e-1, 5e+1] [1.4e+0, 5.5e+0] 1.1e+1
    Caseum unbound fraction (unitless) [1e-4, 2e-1] [6.7e-4, 3.7e-2] 1.8e-1
    Association constant for binding epithelium cells (unitless) [1e-2, 1e+2] [3.6e-2, 1.5e+1] 2.6e+0
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV

    Table 2.  Pharmacodynamic parameters for RPT

    Parameter name (units) Value
    Maximum killing rate for intracellular bacteria (1/(10 min)) 0.0073
    Maximum killing rate for extracellular bacteria (1/(10 min)) 0.0051
    Maximum killing rate for nonreplicating bacteria (1/(10 min)) 0.0036
    C50 (concentration needed to reach half maximal killing rate) for intracellular bacteria (mg/L) 0.0042
    C50 (concentration needed to reach half maximal killing rate) for extracellular bacteria (mg/L) 0.49
    C50 (concentration needed to reach half maximal killing rate) for nonreplicating bacteria (mg/L) 1.57
    Hill coefficient for intracellular bacteria (unitless) 1.3
    Hill coefficient for extracellular bacteria (unitless) 1.1
    Hill coefficient for nonreplicating bacteria (unitless) 1.7
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV

    Table 3.  The percentage of each drug present in the improved regimen set that perform better than the CDC-recommended dose of the standard regimen (HRZE). The drugs in red are present in more than 40% of the regimens within the improved regimen set

    Drug Percentage of regimens containing drug (%)
    RPT 65.89
    RIF 47.18
    INH 43.28
    MXF 43.13
    PTM 42.6
    BDQ 35.54
    LZD 31.71
    EMB 28.47
    PZA 21.79
     | Show Table
    DownLoad: CSV

    Table Suppl. Table 1.  Doses and ranks generated for the 9 drugs in combination in our regimens. We consider here 4-drug regimen sets. Our ranking method predicts these rankings based on drug efficacy for the following regimens and corresponding doses: HRZE, HRMPa, HMRP, HPaRP, HMPaP, and MPaRP simulated in our optimization pipeline

    Reference Regimen Doses (mg/l) Rank
    INH (H) RIF (R) PZA (Z) EMB (E) MXF (M) PTM (Pa) RPT (P)
    MPaRP 0.00 19.52 0.00 0.00 9.55 31.90 59.06 1
    MPaRP 0.00 18.41 0.00 0.00 9.79 38.31 58.83 2
    MPaRP 0.00 18.46 0.00 0.00 10.77 20.51 53.85 3
    HMRP 4.10 17.95 0.00 0.00 12.92 0.00 47.69 4
    MPaRP 0.00 19.76 0.00 0.00 13.68 6.85 42.57 4
    HMRP 5.64 20.00 0.00 0.00 12.56 0.00 55.38 6
    MPaRP 0.00 18.97 0.00 0.00 12.56 22.56 10.77 7
    MPaRP 0.00 19.49 0.00 0.00 13.64 37.95 29.23 7
    MPaRP 0.00 4.10 0.00 0.00 8.97 28.72 24.62 9
    MPaRP 0.00 14.45 0.00 0.00 12.61 21.99 49.78 10
    MPaRP 0.00 10.33 0.00 0.00 7.06 39.76 44.80 10
    MPaRP 0.00 14.36 0.00 0.00 11.13 13.33 35.38 12
    MPaRP 0.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 7.90 35.90 55.38 12
    MPaRP 0.00 9.23 0.00 0.00 13.28 5.13 56.92 12
    HMRP 0.51 14.87 0.00 0.00 11.49 0.00 36.92 15
    MPaRP 0.00 2.05 0.00 0.00 12.21 15.38 46.15 15
    HMRP 4.36 10.26 0.00 0.00 12.21 0.00 40.00 17
    MPaRP 0.00 16.41 0.00 0.00 12.92 12.31 16.92 17
    HMRP 7.18 17.44 0.00 0.00 13.64 0.00 38.46 19
    HMPaP 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.92 35.90 47.69 19
    HMPaP 5.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.56 40.00 55.38 19
    MPaRP 0.00 17.44 0.00 0.00 10.05 38.97 38.46 19
    MPaRP 0.00 5.18 0.00 0.00 12.42 15.84 21.44 19
    HMPaP 9.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.28 38.97 29.23 24
    HMPaP 3.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.02 26.50 49.01 24
    MPaRP 0.00 7.69 0.00 0.00 8.62 9.23 60.00 26
    HMRP 9.74 19.49 0.00 0.00 13.28 0.00 29.23 27
    HMRP 3.77 17.11 0.00 0.00 13.20 0.00 59.79 27
    MPaRP 0.00 19.99 0.00 0.00 7.20 8.56 59.05 27
    HMRP 8.84 16.71 0.00 0.00 8.92 0.00 46.94 30
    HMPaP 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.89 22.01 58.51 30
    MPaRP 0.00 11.79 0.00 0.00 11.85 7.18 41.54 30
    HMRP 4.03 19.14 0.00 0.00 12.65 0.00 20.21 33
    HMPaP 7.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.64 34.87 38.46 33
    HMPaP 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.49 29.74 36.92 33
    MPaRP 0.00 12.82 0.00 0.00 10.41 17.44 32.31 36
    MPaRP 0.00 2.56 0.00 0.00 9.69 24.62 50.77 36
    HMPaP 6.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.00 36.83 59.03 38
    MPaRP 0.00 1.54 0.00 0.00 14.00 19.49 27.69 38
    MPaRP 0.00 10.26 0.00 0.00 6.10 34.87 40.00 38
    MPaRP 0.00 19.98 0.00 0.00 5.06 18.49 59.26 38
    HMRP 5.24 17.77 0.00 0.00 10.54 0.00 56.95 42
    MPaRP 0.00 2.70 0.00 0.00 13.10 23.52 17.60 42
    HRMPa 7.18 19.49 0.00 0.00 12.21 25.64 0.00 44
    HMPaP 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.85 16.41 33.85 45
    HMPaP 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.14 17.20 30.61 45
    MPaRP 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 13.97 30.25 1.56 45
    HMRP 9.96 19.68 0.00 0.00 9.91 0.00 16.98 48
    HMPaP 2.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.59 36.89 45.00 48
    MPaRP 0.00 9.74 0.00 0.00 7.18 23.59 52.31 48
    MPaRP 0.00 18.71 0.00 0.00 6.38 34.74 3.75 51
    MPaRP 0.00 17.95 0.00 0.00 5.74 36.92 47.69 52
    MPaRP 0.00 1.81 0.00 0.00 7.67 39.22 4.52 52
    HRMPa 5.64 17.95 0.00 0.00 14.00 36.92 0.00 54
    HRMPa 6.77 19.69 0.00 0.00 10.12 21.41 0.00 54
    HMPaP 5.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.26 19.49 52.31 54
    HMPaP 7.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.18 36.92 53.85 54
    MPaRP 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 9.63 13.62 21.43 54
    HRMPa 8.97 11.28 0.00 0.00 13.28 7.18 0.00 59
    HMRP 2.05 8.21 0.00 0.00 11.85 0.00 33.85 59
    HMPaP 4.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.21 20.51 40.00 59
    HMPaP 4.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.41 39.55 32.32 59
    HMPaP 2.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.41 17.44 7.69 63
    HMPaP 1.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.13 7.18 43.08 63
    HMRP 7.69 18.46 0.00 0.00 7.18 0.00 53.85 65
    HMRP 3.59 6.67 0.00 0.00 8.97 0.00 58.46 65
    HRMPa 0.51 16.41 0.00 0.00 10.41 24.62 0.00 67
    HRMPa 8.47 19.82 0.00 0.00 6.92 31.49 0.00 67
    HMPaP 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.77 33.85 21.54 67
    HMPaP 3.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.97 13.33 58.46 67
    HMPaP 7.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.42 36.59 24.59 67
    HRMPa 7.86 16.13 0.00 0.00 9.50 33.32 0.00 72
    HMRP 1.03 16.92 0.00 0.00 10.77 0.00 21.54 72
    HMRP 1.28 3.59 0.00 0.00 11.13 0.00 43.08 72
    HMRP 5.13 9.74 0.00 0.00 8.26 0.00 52.31 72
    HMRP 4.20 19.04 0.00 0.00 6.93 0.00 32.37 72
    HMPaP 7.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.10 25.64 32.31 72
    HMPaP 8.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.90 37.95 10.77 72
    HMPaP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.69 12.31 18.46 72
    HMPaP 5.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.93 0.53 45.52 72
    HMPaP 5.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.96 31.24 59.98 72
    HMPaP 2.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.63 25.55 59.64 72
    MPaRP 0.00 1.03 0.00 0.00 11.49 26.67 1.54 72
    MPaRP 0.00 6.67 0.00 0.00 5.03 25.64 58.46 72
    MPaRP 0.00 12.41 0.00 0.00 6.18 5.22 56.01 72
    HRMPa 4.36 17.44 0.00 0.00 7.18 26.67 0.00 86
    HMPaP 7.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.67 28.72 35.38 86
    HMPaP 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.18 25.93 0.99 86
    MPaRP 0.00 5.64 0.00 0.00 8.26 21.54 6.15 86
    HMRP 4.90 0.23 0.00 0.00 11.92 0.00 32.34 90
    HRMPa 1.03 15.38 0.00 0.00 11.85 14.36 0.00 91
    HMPaP 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.74 24.62 44.62 91
    HMPaP 6.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.62 5.13 50.77 91
    HMPaP 4.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.50 30.98 18.69 91
    MPaRP 0.00 15.38 0.00 0.00 6.82 1.03 49.23 91
    HRMPa 9.74 18.97 0.00 0.00 13.64 19.49 0.00 96
    HMPaP 4.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.16 39.47 59.98 97
    HMRP 9.76 7.04 0.00 0.00 7.00 0.00 58.27 98
    HMPaP 6.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.05 8.21 24.62 99
    HMRP 8.97 18.97 0.00 0.00 7.90 0.00 10.77 100
    HRMPa 5.00 15.03 0.00 0.00 8.98 10.97 0.00 101
    HRMPa 0.04 18.36 0.00 0.00 12.03 10.48 0.00 101
    HRMPa 0.56 19.88 0.00 0.00 5.68 18.36 0.00 101
    HMRP 6.92 2.56 0.00 0.00 8.62 0.00 50.77 101
    HMPaP 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.19 1.39 42.14 101
    HRMPa 4.10 18.46 0.00 0.00 12.56 31.79 0.00 106
    HMRP 9.03 7.04 0.00 0.00 11.35 0.00 17.54 107
    HMPaP 9.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.31 32.82 16.92 107
    HMRP 7.44 12.82 0.00 0.00 6.10 0.00 32.31 109
    HRMPa 2.66 12.70 0.00 0.00 10.50 23.16 0.00 110
    MPaRP 0.00 12.17 0.00 0.00 3.05 39.32 59.22 110
    HRMPa 0.28 15.71 0.00 0.00 10.00 19.77 0.00 112
    HMPaP 3.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.96 1.52 59.66 113
    MPaRP 0.00 8.72 0.00 0.00 3.95 29.74 7.69 113
    HRMPa 5.13 11.79 0.00 0.00 6.82 34.87 0.00 115
    HRMPa 2.05 16.92 0.00 0.00 5.74 22.56 0.00 115
    HRMPa 7.98 15.02 0.00 0.00 13.77 20.02 0.00 115
    HMRP 9.43 10.02 0.00 0.00 5.08 0.00 59.98 115
    HMPaP 4.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.72 4.92 29.97 115
    HMPaP 5.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.54 11.28 6.15 120
    HRMPa 7.95 6.67 0.00 0.00 10.05 23.59 0.00 121
    HMRP 6.41 4.10 0.00 0.00 10.05 0.00 24.62 121
    HRMPa 7.69 10.26 0.00 0.00 12.92 35.90 0.00 123
    MPaRP 0.00 10.77 0.00 0.00 9.33 18.46 0.00 123
    HRMPa 3.59 12.82 0.00 0.00 4.67 38.97 0.00 125
    HMRP 0.00 6.15 0.00 0.00 9.69 0.00 18.46 125
    MPaRP 0.00 4.62 0.00 0.00 7.54 10.26 4.62 127
    HRMPa 9.23 6.15 0.00 0.00 11.49 11.28 0.00 128
    HMRP 2.56 12.31 0.00 0.00 5.74 0.00 44.62 129
    HRMPa 9.92 19.15 0.00 0.00 5.43 6.25 0.00 130
    HMRP 7.36 13.69 0.00 0.00 6.91 0.00 15.76 131
    HMRP 3.50 4.85 0.00 0.00 5.45 0.00 58.34 132
    HMPaP 10.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.82 3.08 27.69 133
    HRMPa 2.56 8.21 0.00 0.00 8.62 29.74 0.00 134
    HRMPa 1.84 19.91 0.00 0.00 4.53 30.03 0.00 134
    HMRP 8.90 2.55 0.00 0.00 4.87 0.00 59.30 136
    HRMPa 7.44 8.72 0.00 0.00 8.97 21.54 0.00 137
    HRMPa 0.11 12.58 0.00 0.00 5.40 36.24 0.00 137
    MPaRP 0.00 12.31 0.00 0.00 3.59 16.41 44.62 139
    HMRP 10.00 1.54 0.00 0.00 6.82 0.00 27.69 140
    HRMPa 0.00 13.85 0.00 0.00 4.31 12.31 0.00 141
    HRMPa 8.46 3.59 0.00 0.00 8.26 27.69 0.00 142
    HMPaP 8.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.38 4.10 46.15 142
    HRMPa 5.26 10.78 0.00 0.00 4.98 21.77 0.00 144
    HMRP 8.72 2.05 0.00 0.00 5.38 0.00 46.15 145
    HMPaP 0.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.76 7.78 5.84 145
    HMRP 1.70 7.85 0.00 0.00 7.02 0.00 26.09 147
    HMRP 3.59 0.66 0.00 0.00 8.14 0.00 24.82 148
    HMRP 7.95 14.36 0.00 0.00 4.67 0.00 35.38 149
    HMRP 2.82 8.72 0.00 0.00 10.41 0.00 7.69 149
    HMPaP 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.95 14.36 23.08 149
    MPaRP 0.00 8.12 0.00 0.00 8.15 2.46 13.49 149
    HRMPa 2.82 14.87 0.00 0.00 6.10 5.13 0.00 153
    MPaRP 0.00 8.21 0.00 0.00 2.87 33.85 33.85 153
    HMRP 5.10 1.54 0.00 0.00 6.89 0.00 28.35 155
    HRMPa 6.15 4.62 0.00 0.00 5.38 40.00 0.00 156
    MPaRP 0.00 11.28 0.00 0.00 4.31 4.10 30.77 157
    MPaRP 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.51 40.00 9.23 157
    MPaRP 0.00 13.85 0.00 0.00 6.46 2.05 12.31 159
    HMRP 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.00 0.00 9.23 160
    HMPaP 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.00 0.00 9.23 160
    HRMPa 6.41 14.36 0.00 0.00 2.87 16.41 0.00 162
    HMPaP 6.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.23 15.38 60.00 162
    HRMPa 9.49 2.56 0.00 0.00 6.46 37.95 0.00 164
    HRMPa 0.26 5.64 0.00 0.00 5.03 15.38 0.00 165
    HRMPa 1.28 15.90 0.00 0.00 2.51 28.72 0.00 166
    HMPaP 8.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.51 23.59 41.54 167
    MPaRP 0.00 3.08 0.00 0.00 3.23 14.36 15.38 168
    HRMPa 7.26 2.23 0.00 0.00 5.29 17.07 0.00 169
    HMRP 9.23 16.41 0.00 0.00 4.31 0.00 16.92 169
    HRMPa 4.62 1.03 0.00 0.00 9.69 8.21 0.00 171
    MPaRP 0.00 0.51 0.00 0.00 4.67 8.21 13.85 171
    HRMPa 6.67 9.23 0.00 0.00 7.54 0.00 0.00 173
    HMPaP 2.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.03 6.15 15.38 174
    HMPaP 0.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.15 31.79 3.08 175
    MPaRP 0.00 5.13 0.00 0.00 5.38 3.08 20.00 176
    HRMPa 3.08 2.05 0.00 0.00 7.90 20.51 0.00 177
    HMRP 6.67 10.77 0.00 0.00 6.46 0.00 0.00 178
    HMRP 6.15 7.69 0.00 0.00 3.23 0.00 60.00 179
    HRMPa 4.85 0.91 0.00 0.00 12.60 20.19 0.00 180
    HRMPa 6.92 12.31 0.00 0.00 1.79 33.85 0.00 181
    HRMPa 2.85 1.95 0.00 0.00 5.68 28.13 0.00 182
    MPaRP 0.00 3.59 0.00 0.00 1.79 31.79 43.08 183
    HRMPa 6.47 0.18 0.00 0.00 12.48 29.66 0.00 184
    HRMPa 4.87 0.51 0.00 0.00 10.77 32.82 0.00 185
    HMPaP 8.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.33 2.05 1.54 186
    HRMPa 5.90 10.77 0.00 0.00 3.95 4.10 0.00 187
    HMPaP 9.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.79 18.46 56.92 187
    HRMPa 3.85 1.54 0.00 0.00 3.59 13.33 0.00 189
    HMPaP 5.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.59 9.23 4.62 190
    HMRP 8.46 11.79 0.00 0.00 2.51 0.00 41.54 191
    HMRP 5.90 5.64 0.00 0.00 7.54 0.00 6.15 192
    HPaRP 4.10 17.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.92 47.69 193
    MPaRP 0.00 16.92 0.00 0.00 1.44 30.77 21.54 194
    HMRP 8.21 1.03 0.00 0.00 9.33 0.00 1.54 195
    HPaRP 9.74 19.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.95 29.23 196
    HMRP 0.26 7.18 0.00 0.00 3.95 0.00 23.08 197
    HPaRP 8.03 10.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.84 21.93 198
    HPaRP 5.05 16.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.00 46.28 199
    HPaRP 7.18 17.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 38.97 38.46 200
    HPaRP 5.64 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.90 55.38 200
    HPaRP 1.06 16.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.39 44.98 202
    HRMPa 8.72 7.69 0.00 0.00 1.44 30.77 0.00 203
    MPaRP 0.00 0.37 0.00 0.00 3.24 0.67 38.48 204
    HPaRP 2.05 8.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.85 33.85 205
    HPaRP 4.36 10.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.87 40.00 206
    HPaRP 3.59 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.64 58.46 207
    HPaRP 3.66 6.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.42 33.68 208
    HPaRP 9.73 18.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.13 2.98 208
    HPaRP 5.13 9.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 23.59 52.31 210
    HPaRP 1.03 16.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.77 21.54 211
    HPaRP 0.51 14.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 32.82 36.92 211
    HPaRP 1.09 9.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.51 24.59 211
    MPaRP 0.00 13.33 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.00 26.15 211
    MPaRP 0.00 5.06 0.00 0.00 2.14 13.40 0.56 211
    HMPaP 3.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.44 22.56 30.77 216
    HMRP 2.31 3.08 0.00 0.00 5.03 0.00 15.38 217
    HPaRP 5.57 9.81 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.51 14.36 218
    HPaRP 1.28 3.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 31.79 43.08 219
    HRMPa 2.31 7.18 0.00 0.00 2.15 10.26 0.00 220
    HPaRP 8.97 18.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 22.56 10.77 221
    HPaRP 9.99 4.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 37.33 46.20 221
    MPaRP 0.00 1.35 0.00 0.00 0.01 40.00 35.71 221
    HPaRP 7.69 18.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.51 53.85 224
    HPaRP 6.92 2.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.62 50.77 224
    HPaRP 7.44 12.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.44 32.31 226
    HPaRP 9.23 16.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.31 16.92 226
    HPaRP 6.41 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 28.72 24.62 226
    HPaRP 0.00 6.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.69 18.46 226
    HPaRP 2.82 8.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 29.74 7.69 226
    HPaRP 7.95 14.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 13.33 35.38 226
    HPaRP 0.19 1.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.19 16.16 226
    HPaRP 0.10 17.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 36.32 0.25 226
    HRMPa 0.77 3.08 0.00 0.00 11.13 2.05 0.00 234
    MPaRP 0.00 14.87 0.00 0.00 0.72 32.82 36.92 235
    HPaRP 8.46 11.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.18 41.54 236
    HPaRP 5.90 5.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.54 6.15 236
    HMRP 9.49 9.23 0.00 0.00 1.79 0.00 56.92 238
    HPaRP 6.15 7.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.23 60.00 238
    HPaRP 10.00 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.49 27.69 240
    HPaRP 2.56 12.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.41 44.62 240
    HMPaP 4.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 30.77 49.23 240
    HPaRP 8.72 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 15.38 46.15 243
    HPaRP 6.45 18.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.09 28.47 243
    HPaRP 9.49 9.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.13 56.92 245
    HPaRP 0.12 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 30.08 39.13 246
    HPaRP 1.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 9.23 247
    MPaRP 0.00 6.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 27.69 18.46 248
    HPaRP 6.67 10.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 18.46 0.00 249
    HPaRP 0.20 17.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 24.76 0.47 249
    HPaRP 9.99 19.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.79 3.83 251
    HPaRP 8.21 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.67 1.54 252
    HPaRP 0.83 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 19.99 19.70 253
    HPaRP 3.08 11.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.10 30.77 254
    HRMPa 5.38 5.13 0.00 0.00 3.23 3.08 0.00 255
    HMPaP 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.67 26.15 256
    HMPaP 6.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.46 21.54 0.00 256
    HRMPa 1.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.33 17.44 0.00 258
    HPaRP 2.31 3.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.36 15.38 258
    HRMPa 10.00 9.74 0.00 0.00 1.08 18.46 0.00 260
    HPaRP 0.26 7.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 11.28 23.08 261
    HRZE 9.99 19.75 49.74 39.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 262
    HMPaP 4.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.72 27.69 12.31 263
    HPaRP 4.87 15.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.03 49.23 264
    HRZE 9.74 18.97 48.72 19.49 0.00 0.00 0.00 265
    HMRP 0.08 17.70 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 54.21 265
    MPaRP 0.00 7.18 0.00 0.00 0.36 11.28 23.08 267
    HPaRP 3.33 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.21 13.85 268
    HRZE 9.99 19.94 35.42 36.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 269
    HRZE 7.18 19.49 43.59 25.64 0.00 0.00 0.00 270
    HPaRP 5.38 4.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.26 4.62 271
    HRZE 8.77 14.92 45.66 37.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 272
    HMRP 4.87 15.38 0.00 0.00 0.36 0.00 49.23 273
    HRZE 7.30 17.08 47.33 28.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 274
    HMRP 3.08 11.28 0.00 0.00 1.44 0.00 30.77 274
    HRZE 5.64 17.95 50.00 36.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 276
    HMPaP 3.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.08 10.26 20.00 276
    HPaRP 4.62 13.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 12.31 278
    HRZE 4.10 18.46 44.87 31.79 0.00 0.00 0.00 279
    HPaRP 0.77 15.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.15 3.08 280
    HPaRP 3.85 5.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.08 20.00 281
    HRZE 7.24 17.25 41.75 39.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 282
    HPaRP 1.54 13.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.15 282
    HRZE 7.46 19.98 23.32 26.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 284
    HRZE 9.98 14.63 37.55 13.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 285
    HRZE 8.37 13.99 43.74 21.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 285
    HRZE 8.97 11.28 47.44 7.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 287
    HRMPa 1.79 20.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.15 0.00 288
    HMRP 3.33 0.51 0.00 0.00 2.87 0.00 13.85 289
    HMPaP 3.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.87 1.03 13.85 289
    HRZE 8.34 19.96 26.60 19.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 291
    HRMPa 6.98 0.58 0.00 0.00 1.67 4.36 0.00 292
    HRZE 9.80 19.71 12.75 39.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 293
    HRZE 4.36 17.44 25.64 26.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 293
    HMRP 5.38 4.62 0.00 0.00 3.59 0.00 4.62 295
    HRZE 7.69 10.26 46.15 35.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 296
    HMRP 1.54 13.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 26.15 296
    HRZE 3.84 17.86 31.69 1.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 298
    HRMPa 3.33 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.36 9.23 0.00 299
    HPaRP 4.80 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.19 0.18 299
    HRZE 5.95 13.55 38.55 39.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 301
    MPaRP 0.00 15.90 0.00 0.00 1.08 6.15 3.08 302
    HRZE 9.23 6.15 41.03 11.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 303
    HRZE 0.51 16.41 37.18 24.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 304
    HPaRP 7.57 4.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 8.82 304
    HRZE 1.03 15.38 42.31 14.36 0.00 0.00 0.00 306
    HRMPa 6.95 1.65 0.00 0.00 0.56 6.31 0.00 307
    HRZE 7.44 8.72 32.05 21.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 308
    HMRP 0.77 15.90 0.00 0.00 2.15 0.00 3.08 309
    HRZE 7.95 6.67 35.90 23.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 310
    HRZE 5.13 11.79 24.36 34.87 0.00 0.00 0.00 311
    HRZE 2.05 16.92 20.51 22.56 0.00 0.00 0.00 311
    HMRP 3.85 5.13 0.00 0.00 1.08 0.00 20.00 313
    HRZE 2.82 14.87 21.79 5.13 0.00 0.00 0.00 314
    HMRP 4.62 13.85 0.00 0.00 0.72 0.00 12.31 314
    HRZE 6.41 14.36 10.26 16.41 0.00 0.00 0.00 316
    HRMPa 8.21 13.33 0.00 0.00 0.72 1.03 0.00 316
    HPaRP 7.77 2.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.16 3.53 318
    HRZE 5.90 10.77 14.10 4.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 319
    HMPaP 5.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.48 5.11 5.30 319
    HRZE 8.46 3.59 29.49 27.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 321
    HRZE 9.49 2.56 23.08 37.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 322
    HRZE 8.21 13.33 2.56 1.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 322
    HRZE 6.92 12.31 6.41 33.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 322
    HRZE 2.56 8.21 30.77 29.74 0.00 0.00 0.00 325
    HRZE 6.67 9.23 26.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 326
    HRZE 3.59 12.82 16.67 38.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 327
    HRZE 1.79 20.00 0.00 6.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 327
    HRZE 10.00 9.74 3.85 18.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 327
    HPaRP 1.31 1.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.05 4.62 327
    HMRP 3.39 0.22 0.00 0.00 4.66 0.00 0.77 331
    HRZE 6.15 4.62 19.23 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 332
    HRZE 1.28 15.90 8.97 28.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 332
    HPaRP 3.01 9.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.56 332
    HRZE 0.83 18.22 0.84 2.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 335
    HRZE 4.87 0.51 38.46 32.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 336
    HRZE 4.62 1.03 34.62 8.21 0.00 0.00 0.00 337
    HRZE 8.72 7.69 5.13 30.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 337
    HRZE 5.00 8.01 8.27 2.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 339
    HRZE 0.77 3.08 39.74 2.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 340
    HRMPa 2.85 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.63 3.46 0.00 341
    HRZE 0.00 13.85 15.38 12.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 342
    HRZE 3.08 2.05 28.21 20.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 343
    HMPaP 4.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.28 2.44 4.85 343
    HRZE 5.38 5.13 11.54 3.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 345
    HRZE 1.54 0.00 33.33 17.44 0.00 0.00 0.00 346
    HRZE 1.53 11.36 3.49 1.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 347
    MPaRP 0.00 1.86 0.00 0.00 0.36 2.59 0.01 348
    HRZE 2.31 7.18 7.69 10.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 349
    HMPaP 1.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.51 7.31 350
    HRZE 0.26 5.64 17.95 15.38 0.00 0.00 0.00 351
    HRZE 3.85 1.54 12.82 13.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 351
    HMRP 0.02 3.87 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 4.86 353
    HRZE 0.79 7.08 7.19 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 354
    HRZE 3.44 4.74 2.52 2.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 355
    HRZE 3.33 4.10 1.28 9.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 356
    HMRP 0.28 2.25 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 3.53 357
    HRZE 1.40 4.40 4.43 1.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 358
    HRZE 2.78 0.06 1.98 5.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 359
    HRZE 0.79 3.22 0.47 1.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 360
     | Show Table
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