Derivation of second order traffic flow models with time delays

Michael Burger; Simone Göttlich; Thomas Jung

doi:10.3934/nhm.2019011

Article Contents

2019, Volume 14, Issue 2: 265-288. Doi: 10.3934/nhm.2019011

This issue Previous Article Wave propagation in fractal trees. Mathematical and numerical issues Next Article Newtonian fluid flow in a thin porous medium with non-homogeneous slip boundary conditions

Derivation of second order traffic flow models with time delays

1.
Fraunhofer Institute ITWM, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
2.
University of Mannheim, Department of Mathematics, 68131 Mannheim, Germany

Received: December 2017

Revised: December 2018

Published: April 2019

S. Göttlich acknowledges funding by the German Research Foundation under grant GO 1920/4-1.

Abstract / Introduction Full Text(HTML) Figure(16) / Table(1) Related Papers Cited by

Abstract

Starting from microscopic follow-the-leader models, we develop hyperbolic delay partial differential equations to govern the density and velocity of vehicular traffic. The proposed models can be seen as an extension of the classical Aw-Rascle-Zhang model, where the reaction time of drivers appears as an additional term in the velocity equation. We propose numerical methods based on first principles and present a numerical study, where we focus on the impact of time delays in comparison to undelayed models.

Keywords:

Traffic flow models,
hyperbolic delay partial differential equation,
numerical simulations,
microscopic to macroscopic,
data fitting.

Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35L51, 90B20; Secondary: 65M06.

Citation:

FullText(HTML)

Figure 5. Comparison for contact discontinuity: numerical RSD and ARZ solutions vs. analytical ARZ

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 6. Comparison for shock solution: numerical RSD and ARZ solutions vs. analytical ARZ

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 7. Comparison for rarefaction wave: numerical RSD and ARZ solutions vs. analytical ARZ

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 1. Real parts $ \lambda_2 $ for $ \gamma = 0. $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 2. Time evolution of density and flux of the delayed microscopic and macroscopic models for $ T = 0.5 $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 3. Zoom: Time evolution of density and flux of the delayed microscopic and macroscopic models for $ T = 0.5 $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 4. Convergence of the microscopic to the macroscopic models at time $ t = 10 $ and fixed delay $ T = 0.5 $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 8. Comparison of macroscopic models for $ T = 0.5 $ with Zoom

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 9. Comparison of macroscopic models for $ T = 5 $ with Zoom

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 10. Comparison TE model and convection-diffusion flow model for $ T = 0.5 $

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 11. Traffic light scenario

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 12. Density for the delayed model

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 13. Density for the undelayed model

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 14. Speed over time at the end of the road in the Traffic Light Situation

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 15. Fundamental relation between density and flux and fitted function

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Figure 16. Comparison of the data-fitted delayed and undelayed ARZ model to real data

Download: Full-size image PowerPoint slide

Table 1. Comparison of errors for different $ \Delta x $

	$ \Delta x $	5	1	0.5	0.1
RSD	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{2} $-Error	0.074	0.0759	0.0706	0.0335
RSD	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{\infty} $-Error	0.038	0.0337	0.027	0.0288
CG	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{2} $-Error	0.0727	0.0746	0.0692	0.0308
CG	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{\infty} $-Error	0.036	0.0305	0.0236	0.0288
TE	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{2} $-Error	0.0651	0.0683	0.0657	0.0486
TE	$ \|\|\cdot\|\|_{\infty} $-Error	0.0223	0.0181	0.0236	0.0288

| Show Table

DownLoad: CSV

Related Papers

Cited by

References

[1]	A. Ashyralyev and D. Agirseven, Well-posedness of delay parabolic difference equations, Adv. Difference Equ., 2014 (2014), 20pp. doi: 10.1186/1687-1847-2014-18.
[2]	A. Ashyralyev and D. Agirseven, Bounded Solutions of nonlinear hyperbolic equations with time delay, Electron. J. Differential Equations, 2018 (2018), Paper No. 21, 15 pp.
[3]	A. Aw and M. Rascle, Resurrection of "second order" models of traffic flow, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 60 (2000), 916-938. doi: 10.1137/S0036139997332099.
[4]	A. Aw, A. Klar, T. Materne and M. Rascle, Derivation of continuum traffic flow models from microscopic follow-the-leader models, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 63 (2002), 259-278. doi: 10.1137/S0036139900380955.
[5]	A. Bellen and M. Zennaro, Numerical Methods for Delay Differential Equations, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2013.
[6]	M. Brackstone and M. Mcdonald, Car-following: A historical review, Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 2 (1999), 181-196. doi: 10.1016/S1369-8478(00)00005-X.
[7]	R. E. Chandler, R. Herman and E. W. Montroll, Traffic dynamics: Studies in car following, Operations Res., 6 (1958), 165-184. doi: 10.1287/opre.6.2.165.
[8]	R. M. Corless, G. H. Gonnet, D. E. G. Hare, D. J. Jeffrey and D. E. Knuth, On the Lambert W Function, Adv. Comput. Math, 5 (1996), 329-356. doi: 10.1007/BF02124750.
[9]	C. D'Apice and B. Piccoli, Vertex flow models for vehicular traffic on networks, Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci., 18 (2008), 1299-1315. doi: 10.1142/S0218202508003042.
[10]	C.F. Daganzo, Requiem for second-order fluid approximations of traffic flow, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 29 (1995), 277-286. doi: 10.1016/0191-2615(95)00007-Z.
[11]	N. Davoodi, A. R. Soheili and S. M. Hashemi, A macro-model for traffic flow with consideration of driver's reaction time and distance, Nonlinear Dynam., 83 (2016), 1621-1628. doi: 10.1007/s11071-015-2435-0.
[12]	G. Emch, Coarse-graining in Liouville space and master equation, Helv. Phys. Acta, 37 (1964), 532-544.
[13]	S. Fan and B. Seibold, Effect of the choice of stagnation density in data-fitted first- and second-order traffic models, preprint, arXiv: 1308.0393.
[14]	S. Fan, M. Herty and B. Seibold, Comparative model accuracy of a data-fitted generalized Aw-Rascle-Zhang model, Netw. Heterog. Media, 9 (2014), 239-268. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2014.9.239.
[15]	M. Garavello and B. Piccoli, Traffic Flow on Networks, American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Springfield, MO, 2006.
[16]	S. Gottlieb and C.-W. Shu, Total variation diminishing Runge-Kutta schemes, Math. Comp., 67 (1998), 73-85. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-98-00913-2.
[17]	A. Harten, High resolution schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws, J. Comput. Phys., 135 (1997), 259-278. doi: 10.1006/jcph.1997.5725.
[18]	D. Helbing, Verkehrsdynamik: Neue Physikalische Modellierungskonzepte, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997.
[19]	S. P. Hoogendoorn and P. H. Bovy, State-of-the-art of vehicular traffic flow modelling, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part Ⅰ: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, 215 (2001), 283–303. doi: 10.1177/095965180121500402.
[20]	W.-F. Jiang and Z. Wang, Developing an Aw-Rascle model of traffic flow, J. Engrg. Math., 97 (2016), 135-146. doi: 10.1007/s10665-015-9801-2.
[21]	E. Kometani and T. Sasaki, On the stability of traffic flow (Report-I), J. Op. Res. Japan, 2 (1958), 11-26.
[22]	H. K. Lee, H.-W. Lee and D. Kim, Macroscopic traffic models from microscopic car-following models, Physical Review E, 64 (2001), 056126. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.64.056126.
[23]	R. J. LeVeque, Finite Volume Methods for Hyperbolic Problems, 31^st edition, Cambridge University Press, 2002. doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511791253.
[24]	R. J. LeVeque, Numerical Methods for Conservation Laws, 2^nd edition, Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel, 1992. doi: 10.1007/978-3-0348-8629-1.
[25]	F. Maghami Asl and A. Ulsoy, Analysis of a system of linear delay differential equations, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, 125 (2003), 215-223. doi: 10.1115/1.1568121.
[26]	D. Ngoduy, Generalized macroscopic traffic model with time delay, Nonlinear Dynam., 77 (2014), 289-296. doi: 10.1007/s11071-014-1293-5.
[27]	H. J. Payne, Models of freeway traffic and control, Mathematical Models of Public Systems, Simulation Council Proceedings, (1971), 51–61.
[28]	RTMC Data Set, Available from: http://data.dot.state.mn.us/datatools/.
[29]	C.-W. Shu, TVB uniformly high-order schemes for conservation laws, Math. Comp., 49 (1987), 105-121. doi: 10.1090/S0025-5718-1987-0890256-5.
[30]	A. Tordeux, G. Costeseque, M. Herty and A. Seyfried, From traffic and pedestrian follow-the-leader models with reaction time to first order convection-diffusion flow models, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 78 (2018), 63-79. doi: 10.1137/16M110695X.
[31]	C. Travis and G. Webb, Existence and Stability for Partial Functional Differential Equations, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 200 (1974), 395-418. doi: 10.1090/S0002-9947-1974-0382808-3.
[32]	M. Treiber and A. Kesting, Traffic Flow Dynamics, Springer, Heidelberg, 2013. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-32460-4.
[33]	G. B. Whitham, Linear and Nonlinear Waves, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1999. doi: 10.1002/9781118032954.