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February
2021, 1(1): 60-74.
doi: 10.3934/steme.2021005
Innovation event model for STEM education: A constructivism perspective
| 1. | School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China |
| 2. | School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia |
| 3. | Education Research Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China |
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STEM education aims to cultivate innovative talents by improving students' ability to comprehensively apply interdisciplinary knowledge in solving practical problems. This paper first develops an innovation event model through the analysis of 50 historical innovation events that can be traced back to whole human history. The model divides the realization process of those innovation events into four steps: 1) pointing out a problem, 2) proposing solutions to the problem, 3) concrete implementation of those solutions, and 4) iterative modification process. And then, the relationship between innovation event model and STEM education is established from the perspectives of subject integration and constructivism of STEM education. Based on this model, we can understand some key issues in the implementation of STEM education from a top-down view, including the nature of STEM education, the knowledge integration model, and the relationship between subject-specific education and integrated education. This will help to gradually improve our cognition and understanding of STEM education, so as to achieve its initial goal of integrated and innovative education. This article will contribute to a holistic rethinking about how to renovate STEM education in different levels of schools and colleges, equipped with such an innovation event model.
Citation:
Changyan Di, Qingguo Zhou, Jun Shen, Li Li, Rui Zhou, Jiayin Lin. Innovation event model for STEM education: A constructivism perspective. STEM Education,
2021, 1
(1)
: 60-74.
doi: 10.3934/steme.2021005
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References:
| [1] |
J. Kyere, J.M. Breiner, S.S. Harkness and C.C. Johnson, What is STEM? A discussion about conceptions of STEM in education and partnerships, School Science and Mathematics, 112 (2012), 3-11. Google Scholar |
| [2] |
Schumpeter, J., Backhaus, U. (2003) The Theory of Economic Development. In: Backhaus J. (eds) Joseph Alois Schumpeter. The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3 Google Scholar |
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Balmer, R.T. (2010) Modern Engineering Thermodynamics. Academic Press. Google Scholar |
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Chisholm, H. (1911) Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General Information. Cambridge University Press. 1911: 173 Google Scholar |
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Wu, J. (2019) A general history of global technology. Beijing: Zhongxin Printing Group. Google Scholar |
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Isaacson, W. (2014) The innovators: how a group of hackers, geniuses, and geeks created the digital revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster. Google Scholar |
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Johnson, S., Keenan, S. (2018) How we got to now: six innovations that made the modern world. New York: Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC. Google Scholar |
| [8] |
Kyere, J. (2003) Effectiveness of Hands-on Pedagogy in STEM Education. Walden Dissertations and Doc-total Studies Collection. Available from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4035&context=dissertations Google Scholar |
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M. Li, What does constructivism give us?, China Educational Technology, 6 (2002), 10-15. Google Scholar |
| [10] |
Y. Li, Reflecting the Nature of STEM and Its Practical Problems: An Interview with Professor Samson Nashon at University of British Colombia in Canada, Global Education, 11 (2014), 3-8. Google Scholar |
| [11] |
J. Morrison and V. Raymond, STEM as a curriculum, Education Week, 23 (2009), 28-31. Google Scholar |
| [12] |
L. Huang and X. Pei, Thoughts on STEM Education in the Perspective of Scientific Rationalism:Knowledge Consilience, International and Comparative Education, 6 (2018), 23-33. Google Scholar |
| [13] |
Yang, K., Dou, L., Li, B., Gong, P. (2020) The Dilemma of STEM Education and the Way out of It. Modern Distance Education Re-search. 32 Google Scholar |
| [14] |
S. Chen, Phenomenon Teaching: A New Mode of Educational Reform of Finland in 2016, Education and Teaching Research, 30 (2016), 13-22. Google Scholar |
| [15] |
Ai, X. (2007) Study on construction curriculum. Xinan University Dissertations. Google Scholar |
| [16] |
National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (2014) National Board of Education. Finland. Google Scholar |
| [17] |
L. Sikma and M. Osborne, Conflicts in developing an elementary STEM magnet school, Theory into Practice, 53 (2014), 4-10. Google Scholar |
| [18] |
K. Michael, Daugherty. The Prospect of an "A" in STEM Education, Journal of STEM Education, 14 (2013), 11-14. Google Scholar |
| [19] |
MLA style: Alexis Carrel Biographical. Nobel Prize.org. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/biographical/. Google Scholar |
| [20] |
MLA style: Tu Youyou Biographical. Nobel Prize.org. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/biographical/. Google Scholar |
| [21] |
Virginia Apgar. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/cp/feature/biographical/. Google Scholar |
show all references
References:
| [1] |
J. Kyere, J.M. Breiner, S.S. Harkness and C.C. Johnson, What is STEM? A discussion about conceptions of STEM in education and partnerships, School Science and Mathematics, 112 (2012), 3-11. Google Scholar |
| [2] |
Schumpeter, J., Backhaus, U. (2003) The Theory of Economic Development. In: Backhaus J. (eds) Joseph Alois Schumpeter. The European Heritage in Economics and the Social Sciences, vol 1. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48082-4_3 Google Scholar |
| [3] |
Balmer, R.T. (2010) Modern Engineering Thermodynamics. Academic Press. Google Scholar |
| [4] |
Chisholm, H. (1911) Encyclopedia Britannica: A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature, and General Information. Cambridge University Press. 1911: 173 Google Scholar |
| [5] |
Wu, J. (2019) A general history of global technology. Beijing: Zhongxin Printing Group. Google Scholar |
| [6] |
Isaacson, W. (2014) The innovators: how a group of hackers, geniuses, and geeks created the digital revolution. New York: Simon and Schuster. Google Scholar |
| [7] |
Johnson, S., Keenan, S. (2018) How we got to now: six innovations that made the modern world. New York: Viking, an imprint of Penguin Random House LLC. Google Scholar |
| [8] |
Kyere, J. (2003) Effectiveness of Hands-on Pedagogy in STEM Education. Walden Dissertations and Doc-total Studies Collection. Available from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4035&context=dissertations Google Scholar |
| [9] |
M. Li, What does constructivism give us?, China Educational Technology, 6 (2002), 10-15. Google Scholar |
| [10] |
Y. Li, Reflecting the Nature of STEM and Its Practical Problems: An Interview with Professor Samson Nashon at University of British Colombia in Canada, Global Education, 11 (2014), 3-8. Google Scholar |
| [11] |
J. Morrison and V. Raymond, STEM as a curriculum, Education Week, 23 (2009), 28-31. Google Scholar |
| [12] |
L. Huang and X. Pei, Thoughts on STEM Education in the Perspective of Scientific Rationalism:Knowledge Consilience, International and Comparative Education, 6 (2018), 23-33. Google Scholar |
| [13] |
Yang, K., Dou, L., Li, B., Gong, P. (2020) The Dilemma of STEM Education and the Way out of It. Modern Distance Education Re-search. 32 Google Scholar |
| [14] |
S. Chen, Phenomenon Teaching: A New Mode of Educational Reform of Finland in 2016, Education and Teaching Research, 30 (2016), 13-22. Google Scholar |
| [15] |
Ai, X. (2007) Study on construction curriculum. Xinan University Dissertations. Google Scholar |
| [16] |
National Core Curriculum for Basic Education (2014) National Board of Education. Finland. Google Scholar |
| [17] |
L. Sikma and M. Osborne, Conflicts in developing an elementary STEM magnet school, Theory into Practice, 53 (2014), 4-10. Google Scholar |
| [18] |
K. Michael, Daugherty. The Prospect of an "A" in STEM Education, Journal of STEM Education, 14 (2013), 11-14. Google Scholar |
| [19] |
MLA style: Alexis Carrel Biographical. Nobel Prize.org. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/biographical/. Google Scholar |
| [20] |
MLA style: Tu Youyou Biographical. Nobel Prize.org. Available from: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1912/carrel/biographical/. Google Scholar |
| [21] |
Virginia Apgar. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available from: https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/cp/feature/biographical/. Google Scholar |
Figure 2.
A schematic diagram of the structure of knowledge
Figure 3.
Design STEM curricula around students' life experiences
Figure 4.
The mind map of "The Crossroad"
Table .
LIST OF INNOVATION CASES
| Order | Invention | Driving problem |
| 1 | Kay Shuttle technology [4] | To improve efficiency of working |
| 2 | Jenny's Loom [4] | To improve efficiency of working |
| 3 | Microscope [4] | By accident |
| 4 | Barcode [4] | To collect product information automatically at checkout |
| 5 | Television [4] | To transmit images electronically |
| 6 | Internal combustion engine [4] | To improve thermal efficiency |
| 7 | Ultrasound diagnosis [4] | To detect the pathological changes of organs in the human body |
| 8 | Mercurial thermometer [5] | To measure the patient's temperature accurately |
| 9 | Fahrenheit [5] | To get the temperature exactly |
| 10 | Echometer [5] | To improve the method of auscultation |
| 11 | U-shaped mercury manometer [5] | To get the patient's blood pressure |
| 12 | Compass, quadrant, spinnaker [5] | To solve the problem of positioning in navigation |
| 13 | Watt steam engine [5] | To improve performance of older steam engine |
| 14 | Using steam engines in manufacturing [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 15 | Steam driven vessel [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 16 | Steam Locomotive [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 17 | LD process [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 18 | Cotton gin [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 19 | Music box [5] | By accident |
| 20 | Typewriter [5] | To page a book automatically |
| 21 | Edison's Light Bulb [5] | To improve performance |
| 22 | Telegram [5] | To realize long distance communication |
| 23 | Telephone [5] | To realize long distance transmission of sound |
| 24 | Radio [5] | To transmit information wirelessly |
| 25 | Movable type printing(Bi Sheng) [5] | To improve efficiency of printing |
| 26 | Movable type printing (Gutenberg) [5] | To improve efficiency of printing |
| 27 | Penicillin [5] | To kill bacteria |
| 28 | Fessenden oscillator [5] | To detect underwater objects |
| 29 | Aniline violet dyeing technique [5] | By accident |
| 30 | Porcelain glazing technology [5] | By accident |
| 31 | Fiberglass [5] | To make glass threads |
| 32 | Plastics [5] | By accident |
| 33 | Maxim's machine gun [5] | To load the bullet with the force of the gun after firing |
| 34 | Radiotelegraph Communication (Marconi) [5] | To send a telegram by wireless |
| 35 | Radar (Watson Watt) [5] | By accident |
| 36 | Aspirin(Felix Hoffmann) [5] | To relieve his father's pain |
| 37 | Plane [5] | To fly like a bird |
| 38 | Transistor [5] | To overcome the limitations of the vacuum tube |
| 39 | Google [6] | To improve efficiency of finding information in the Internet |
| 40 | The internet [6] | To share the computing resources |
| 41 | WWW [6] | To connect information from different computers |
| 42 | Computer [6] | To compute automatically |
| 43 | Integrated circuit [6] | To reduce the size of the circuit |
| 44 | Disinfection of drinking water [7] | To effectively curb waterborne diseases |
| 45 | Ice market [7] | To explore new market |
| 46 | Artificial ice making technology [7] | To make ice cubes to help patients cool down |
| 47 | Freeze preservation technology [7] | To keep the taste of food |
| 48 | Three-point suture [19] | To achieve vascular suture? |
| 49 | Artemisinin (Tu Youyou) [20] | To treat malaria |
| 50 | Apgar Score [21] | To reduce neonatal mortality effectively |
| Order | Invention | Driving problem |
| 1 | Kay Shuttle technology [4] | To improve efficiency of working |
| 2 | Jenny's Loom [4] | To improve efficiency of working |
| 3 | Microscope [4] | By accident |
| 4 | Barcode [4] | To collect product information automatically at checkout |
| 5 | Television [4] | To transmit images electronically |
| 6 | Internal combustion engine [4] | To improve thermal efficiency |
| 7 | Ultrasound diagnosis [4] | To detect the pathological changes of organs in the human body |
| 8 | Mercurial thermometer [5] | To measure the patient's temperature accurately |
| 9 | Fahrenheit [5] | To get the temperature exactly |
| 10 | Echometer [5] | To improve the method of auscultation |
| 11 | U-shaped mercury manometer [5] | To get the patient's blood pressure |
| 12 | Compass, quadrant, spinnaker [5] | To solve the problem of positioning in navigation |
| 13 | Watt steam engine [5] | To improve performance of older steam engine |
| 14 | Using steam engines in manufacturing [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 15 | Steam driven vessel [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 16 | Steam Locomotive [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 17 | LD process [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 18 | Cotton gin [5] | To improve performance of that field |
| 19 | Music box [5] | By accident |
| 20 | Typewriter [5] | To page a book automatically |
| 21 | Edison's Light Bulb [5] | To improve performance |
| 22 | Telegram [5] | To realize long distance communication |
| 23 | Telephone [5] | To realize long distance transmission of sound |
| 24 | Radio [5] | To transmit information wirelessly |
| 25 | Movable type printing(Bi Sheng) [5] | To improve efficiency of printing |
| 26 | Movable type printing (Gutenberg) [5] | To improve efficiency of printing |
| 27 | Penicillin [5] | To kill bacteria |
| 28 | Fessenden oscillator [5] | To detect underwater objects |
| 29 | Aniline violet dyeing technique [5] | By accident |
| 30 | Porcelain glazing technology [5] | By accident |
| 31 | Fiberglass [5] | To make glass threads |
| 32 | Plastics [5] | By accident |
| 33 | Maxim's machine gun [5] | To load the bullet with the force of the gun after firing |
| 34 | Radiotelegraph Communication (Marconi) [5] | To send a telegram by wireless |
| 35 | Radar (Watson Watt) [5] | By accident |
| 36 | Aspirin(Felix Hoffmann) [5] | To relieve his father's pain |
| 37 | Plane [5] | To fly like a bird |
| 38 | Transistor [5] | To overcome the limitations of the vacuum tube |
| 39 | Google [6] | To improve efficiency of finding information in the Internet |
| 40 | The internet [6] | To share the computing resources |
| 41 | WWW [6] | To connect information from different computers |
| 42 | Computer [6] | To compute automatically |
| 43 | Integrated circuit [6] | To reduce the size of the circuit |
| 44 | Disinfection of drinking water [7] | To effectively curb waterborne diseases |
| 45 | Ice market [7] | To explore new market |
| 46 | Artificial ice making technology [7] | To make ice cubes to help patients cool down |
| 47 | Freeze preservation technology [7] | To keep the taste of food |
| 48 | Three-point suture [19] | To achieve vascular suture? |
| 49 | Artemisinin (Tu Youyou) [20] | To treat malaria |
| 50 | Apgar Score [21] | To reduce neonatal mortality effectively |
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