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1078-0947
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Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A
November 2012 , Volume 32 , Issue 11
Special Issue
on Nonlinear Elliptic and Parabolic Problems
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2012, 32(11): i-iii
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.11i
+[Abstract](1098)
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Abstract:
Nonlinear parabolic problems have a huge interest in mathematical sciences as they model a wide variety of real world systems whose deep understanding is a challenge for the advance of human learning. As a matter of fact, they have shown to be a milestone for the generation of knowledge and innovation in the theory of ecosystems, in fluid dynamics, in energy transfer, in reaction-diffusion, in chemotaxis, and even in the evaluation of stock options, where dispersal and diffusion coefficients are interchanged by volatility rates. As nonlinear elliptic equations describe the steady-state solutions of parabolic problems, their study is imperative for ascertaining the dynamics of all these mathematical models.
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Nonlinear parabolic problems have a huge interest in mathematical sciences as they model a wide variety of real world systems whose deep understanding is a challenge for the advance of human learning. As a matter of fact, they have shown to be a milestone for the generation of knowledge and innovation in the theory of ecosystems, in fluid dynamics, in energy transfer, in reaction-diffusion, in chemotaxis, and even in the evaluation of stock options, where dispersal and diffusion coefficients are interchanged by volatility rates. As nonlinear elliptic equations describe the steady-state solutions of parabolic problems, their study is imperative for ascertaining the dynamics of all these mathematical models.
For more information please click the "Full Text" above.
2012, 32(11): 3801-3817
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3801
+[Abstract](1859)
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Abstract:
Let $b(x)$ be a positive function in a bounded smooth domain $\Omega\subset R^N$, and let $f(t)$ be a positive non decreasing function on $(0,\infty)$ such that $\lim_{t\to\infty}f(t)=\infty$. We investigate boundary blow-up solutions of the equation $\Delta u=b(x)f(u)$. Under appropriate conditions on $b(x)$ as $x$ approaches $\partial\Omega$ and on $f(t)$ as $t$ goes to infinity, we find a second order approximation of the solution $u(x)$ as $x$ goes to $\partial\Omega$.
We also investigate positive solutions of the equation $\Delta u+(\delta(x))^{2\ell}u^{-q}=0$ in $\Omega$ with $u=0$ on $\partial\Omega$, where $\ell\ge 0$, $q>3+2\ell$ and $\delta(x)$ denotes the distance from $x$ to $\partial\Omega$. We find a second order approximation of the solution $u(x)$ as $x$ goes to $\partial\Omega$.
Let $b(x)$ be a positive function in a bounded smooth domain $\Omega\subset R^N$, and let $f(t)$ be a positive non decreasing function on $(0,\infty)$ such that $\lim_{t\to\infty}f(t)=\infty$. We investigate boundary blow-up solutions of the equation $\Delta u=b(x)f(u)$. Under appropriate conditions on $b(x)$ as $x$ approaches $\partial\Omega$ and on $f(t)$ as $t$ goes to infinity, we find a second order approximation of the solution $u(x)$ as $x$ goes to $\partial\Omega$.
We also investigate positive solutions of the equation $\Delta u+(\delta(x))^{2\ell}u^{-q}=0$ in $\Omega$ with $u=0$ on $\partial\Omega$, where $\ell\ge 0$, $q>3+2\ell$ and $\delta(x)$ denotes the distance from $x$ to $\partial\Omega$. We find a second order approximation of the solution $u(x)$ as $x$ goes to $\partial\Omega$.
2012, 32(11): 3819-3839
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3819
+[Abstract](1446)
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Abstract:
In this paper is proved that the Strong Maximum Principle is satisfied for a wide class of linear elliptic boundary value problems of mixed type in an annulus of $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq 1$, provided it is thin enough. The coercive character of these boundary value problems is obtained thanks to the characterization of the Strong Maximum Principle found in [3], proving that the principal eigenvalue associated to each boundary value problem may be as large as we wish, independently of the weight on the boundary, by taking the annulus thin enough.
In this paper is proved that the Strong Maximum Principle is satisfied for a wide class of linear elliptic boundary value problems of mixed type in an annulus of $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq 1$, provided it is thin enough. The coercive character of these boundary value problems is obtained thanks to the characterization of the Strong Maximum Principle found in [3], proving that the principal eigenvalue associated to each boundary value problem may be as large as we wish, independently of the weight on the boundary, by taking the annulus thin enough.
2012, 32(11): 3841-3859
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3841
+[Abstract](2510)
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Abstract:
We study the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion-advection model for two competing species in a spatially heterogeneous environment. The two species are assumed to have the same population dynamics but different dispersal strategies: both species disperse by random diffusion and advection along the environmental gradient, but with different random dispersal and/or advection rates. Given any advection rates, we show that three scenarios can occur: (i) If one random dispersal rate is small and the other is large, two competing species coexist; (ii) If both random dispersal rates are large, the species with much larger random dispersal rate is driven to extinction; (iii) If both random dispersal rates are small, the species with much smaller random dispersal rate goes to extinction. Our results suggest that if both advection rates are positive and equal, an intermediate random dispersal rate may evolve. This is in contrast to the case when both advection rates are zero, where the species with larger random dispersal rate is always driven to extinction.
We study the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion-advection model for two competing species in a spatially heterogeneous environment. The two species are assumed to have the same population dynamics but different dispersal strategies: both species disperse by random diffusion and advection along the environmental gradient, but with different random dispersal and/or advection rates. Given any advection rates, we show that three scenarios can occur: (i) If one random dispersal rate is small and the other is large, two competing species coexist; (ii) If both random dispersal rates are large, the species with much larger random dispersal rate is driven to extinction; (iii) If both random dispersal rates are small, the species with much smaller random dispersal rate goes to extinction. Our results suggest that if both advection rates are positive and equal, an intermediate random dispersal rate may evolve. This is in contrast to the case when both advection rates are zero, where the species with larger random dispersal rate is always driven to extinction.
2012, 32(11): 3861-3869
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3861
+[Abstract](1608)
+[PDF](316.5KB)
Abstract:
We prove a new domain variation result for Neumann problems and apply it to give new examples of non-uniqueness of positive solutions.
We prove a new domain variation result for Neumann problems and apply it to give new examples of non-uniqueness of positive solutions.
2012, 32(11): 3871-3894
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3871
+[Abstract](1656)
+[PDF](450.1KB)
Abstract:
This paper deals with a nonlinear system of partial differential equations modeling the effect of an anti-angiogenic therapy based on an agent that binds to specific receptors of the endothelial cells. We study the time-dependent problem as well as the stationary problem associated to it.
This paper deals with a nonlinear system of partial differential equations modeling the effect of an anti-angiogenic therapy based on an agent that binds to specific receptors of the endothelial cells. We study the time-dependent problem as well as the stationary problem associated to it.
2012, 32(11): 3895-3956
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3895
+[Abstract](1700)
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Abstract:
The asymptotic behavior of solutions to Schrödinger equations with singular homogeneous potentials is investigated. Through an Almgren type monotonicity formula and separation of variables, we describe the exact asymptotics near the singularity of solutions to at most critical semilinear elliptic equations with cylindrical and quantum multi-body singular potentials. Furthermore, by an iterative Brezis-Kato procedure, pointwise upper estimate are derived.
The asymptotic behavior of solutions to Schrödinger equations with singular homogeneous potentials is investigated. Through an Almgren type monotonicity formula and separation of variables, we describe the exact asymptotics near the singularity of solutions to at most critical semilinear elliptic equations with cylindrical and quantum multi-body singular potentials. Furthermore, by an iterative Brezis-Kato procedure, pointwise upper estimate are derived.
2012, 32(11): 3957-3974
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3957
+[Abstract](1729)
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Abstract:
In this paper, we construct a global solution to a mathematical model presented by Murray [18] and investigate longtime behavior of solution. For any initial profile, the solution is proven to tend to a homogeneous stationary solution as $t \rightarrow \infty$. This result is highly congruent with the prediction in [18] which is said that the solution would tend to zero as $t \rightarrow \infty$.
In this paper, we construct a global solution to a mathematical model presented by Murray [18] and investigate longtime behavior of solution. For any initial profile, the solution is proven to tend to a homogeneous stationary solution as $t \rightarrow \infty$. This result is highly congruent with the prediction in [18] which is said that the solution would tend to zero as $t \rightarrow \infty$.
2012, 32(11): 3975-4000
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.3975
+[Abstract](1728)
+[PDF](508.5KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we establish a general theoretical framework for Turing diffusion-driven instability for reaction-diffusion systems on time-dependent evolving domains. The main result is that Turing diffusion-driven instability for reaction-diffusion systems on evolving domains is characterised by Lyapunov exponents of the evolution family associated with the linearised system (obtained by linearising the original system along a spatially independent solution). This framework allows for the inclusion of the analysis of the long-time behavior of the solutions of reaction-diffusion systems. Applications to two special types of evolving domains are considered: (i) time-dependent domains which evolve to a final limiting fixed domain and (ii) time-dependent domains which are eventually time periodic. Reaction-diffusion systems have been widely proposed as plausible mechanisms for pattern formation in morphogenesis.
In this paper we establish a general theoretical framework for Turing diffusion-driven instability for reaction-diffusion systems on time-dependent evolving domains. The main result is that Turing diffusion-driven instability for reaction-diffusion systems on evolving domains is characterised by Lyapunov exponents of the evolution family associated with the linearised system (obtained by linearising the original system along a spatially independent solution). This framework allows for the inclusion of the analysis of the long-time behavior of the solutions of reaction-diffusion systems. Applications to two special types of evolving domains are considered: (i) time-dependent domains which evolve to a final limiting fixed domain and (ii) time-dependent domains which are eventually time periodic. Reaction-diffusion systems have been widely proposed as plausible mechanisms for pattern formation in morphogenesis.
2012, 32(11): 4001-4014
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.4001
+[Abstract](1995)
+[PDF](389.1KB)
Abstract:
In this paper we deal with the blow-up phenomena of solutions to two different classes of reaction-diffusion systems coupled through nonlinearities with nonlinear boundary conditions. By using a differential inequality technique, we derive upper and lower bounds for the blow-up time, if blow-up occurs. Moreover by introducing suitable auxiliary functions, we give sufficient conditions on data in order to obtain global existence.
In this paper we deal with the blow-up phenomena of solutions to two different classes of reaction-diffusion systems coupled through nonlinearities with nonlinear boundary conditions. By using a differential inequality technique, we derive upper and lower bounds for the blow-up time, if blow-up occurs. Moreover by introducing suitable auxiliary functions, we give sufficient conditions on data in order to obtain global existence.
2012, 32(11): 4015-4026
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.4015
+[Abstract](1610)
+[PDF](382.0KB)
Abstract:
Using a Lusternik-Schnirelman type multiplicity result for some indefinite functionals due to Szulkin, the existence of at least $n+1$ geometrically distinct T-periodic solutions is proved for the relativistic-type Lagrangian system $$(\phi(q'))' + \nabla_qF(t,q) = h(t),$$ where $\phi$ is an homeomorphism of the open ball $B_a \subset \mathbb{R}n$ onto $\mathbb{R}n$ such that $\phi(0) = 0$ and $\phi = \nabla \Phi$, $F$ is $T_j$-periodic in each variable $q_j$ and $h \in L^s(0,T;\mathbb{R}n)$ $(s > 1)$ has mean value zero. Application is given to the coupled pendulum equations $$\left(\frac{q'_j}{\sqrt{1 - \|q\|^2}}\right)' + A_j \sin q_j = h_j(t) \quad (j = 1,\ldots,n).$$ Similar results are obtained for the radial solutions of the homogeneous Neumann problem on an annulus in $\mathbb{R}n$ centered at $0$ associated to systems of the form $$\nabla \cdot \left(\frac{\nabla w_i}{\sqrt{1 - \sum_{j=1}^n \|\nabla w_j\|^2}}\right) + \partial_{w_j} G(\|x\|,w) = h_i(\|x\|), \quad (i = 1,\ldots,n),$$ involving the extrinsic mean curvature operator in a Minkovski space.
Using a Lusternik-Schnirelman type multiplicity result for some indefinite functionals due to Szulkin, the existence of at least $n+1$ geometrically distinct T-periodic solutions is proved for the relativistic-type Lagrangian system $$(\phi(q'))' + \nabla_qF(t,q) = h(t),$$ where $\phi$ is an homeomorphism of the open ball $B_a \subset \mathbb{R}n$ onto $\mathbb{R}n$ such that $\phi(0) = 0$ and $\phi = \nabla \Phi$, $F$ is $T_j$-periodic in each variable $q_j$ and $h \in L^s(0,T;\mathbb{R}n)$ $(s > 1)$ has mean value zero. Application is given to the coupled pendulum equations $$\left(\frac{q'_j}{\sqrt{1 - \|q\|^2}}\right)' + A_j \sin q_j = h_j(t) \quad (j = 1,\ldots,n).$$ Similar results are obtained for the radial solutions of the homogeneous Neumann problem on an annulus in $\mathbb{R}n$ centered at $0$ associated to systems of the form $$\nabla \cdot \left(\frac{\nabla w_i}{\sqrt{1 - \sum_{j=1}^n \|\nabla w_j\|^2}}\right) + \partial_{w_j} G(\|x\|,w) = h_i(\|x\|), \quad (i = 1,\ldots,n),$$ involving the extrinsic mean curvature operator in a Minkovski space.
2012, 32(11): 4027-4043
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.4027
+[Abstract](1927)
+[PDF](367.8KB)
Abstract:
We consider the Cauchy problem for a parabolic partial differential equation with a power nonlinearity. It is known that in some range of parameters, this equation has a family of singular steady states with ordered structure. Our concern in this paper is the existence of time-dependent singular solutions and their asymptotic behavior. In particular, we prove the convergence of solutions to singular steady states. The method of proofs is based on the analysis of a related linear parabolic equation with a singular coefficient and the comparison principle.
We consider the Cauchy problem for a parabolic partial differential equation with a power nonlinearity. It is known that in some range of parameters, this equation has a family of singular steady states with ordered structure. Our concern in this paper is the existence of time-dependent singular solutions and their asymptotic behavior. In particular, we prove the convergence of solutions to singular steady states. The method of proofs is based on the analysis of a related linear parabolic equation with a singular coefficient and the comparison principle.
2012, 32(11): 4045-4067
doi: 10.3934/dcds.2012.32.4045
+[Abstract](1631)
+[PDF](711.7KB)
Abstract:
We prove the existence of multiple periodic solutions as well as the presence of complex profiles (for a certain range of the parameters) for the steady-state solutions of a class of reaction-diffusion equations with a FitzHugh-Nagumo cubic type nonlinearity. An application is given to a second order ODE related to a myelinated nerve axon model.
We prove the existence of multiple periodic solutions as well as the presence of complex profiles (for a certain range of the parameters) for the steady-state solutions of a class of reaction-diffusion equations with a FitzHugh-Nagumo cubic type nonlinearity. An application is given to a second order ODE related to a myelinated nerve axon model.
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